ReviewInflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]2021
The pathophysiology of immunoporosis: innovative therapeutic targets.
Review in Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- The predictive value of immune inflammation indexes for the risk of fracture in patients with osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Denosumab vs. bisphosphonates in primary osteoporosis: a meta-analysis of comparative safety in randomized controlled trials.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2024Pooled it
- Lactylation: a promising target for musculoskeletal disorders via interactions with chronic inflammation.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Article
- Biomaterial-assisted gene therapy for bone repair.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Joint association of weekend catch-up sleep and triglyceride-glucose index on bone loss and all-cause mortality in employed U.S. adults aged 18-60 with diabetes.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- Association of central adiposity and metabolic markers with osteopenia and osteoporosis in Chinese adults: a QCT-based cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Immune reprogramming in the bone marrow microenvironment: a new perspective on the bone immune microenvironment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A synbiotic medical food improves gut barrier function, reduces immune responses, and inhibits osteoclast activity in models of postmenopausal bone loss aligned with clinical outcomes.Journal of functional foods · 2025Article
- Ganoderic Acid A Prevented Osteoporosis by Modulating the PIK3CA/p-Akt/TWIST1 Signaling Pathway.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Causal Associations of the Alterations in Peripheral Blood Immune Cell Characteristics on the Incidence of Osteoporosis: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2025Article
- The CD163/TWEAK/Fn14 axis: A potential therapeutic target for alleviating inflammatory bone loss.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2024Article
- An exploration of the causal relationship between 731 immunophenotypes and osteoporosis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomized study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- MiR-224-5p inhibits osteoblast differentiation and impairs bone formation by targeting Runx2 and Sp7.Cytotechnology · 2023Article
- Deubiquitinase USP17 Regulates Osteoblast Differentiation by Increasing Osterix Protein Stability.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Understanding the Consequences of Fatty Bone and Fatty Muscle: How the Osteosarcopenic Adiposity Phenotype Uncovers the Deterioration of Body Composition.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway Accelerates the Repair of Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Epiphysis through Regulating Macrophage Polarization in Perthes Disease.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- MicroRNA-1270 Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion via Targeting IRF8 in Osteoblast-like Cell Lines.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Article
- Estradiol and zinc-doped nano hydroxyapatite as therapeutic agents in the prevention of osteoporosis; oxidative stress status, inflammation, bone turnover, bone mineral density, and histological alterations in ovariectomized rats.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe physiological balance between bone resorption and bone formation is now known to be mediated by a cascade of events parallel to the classic osteoblast-osteoclast interaction. Thus, osteoimmunology now encompasses the role played by other cell types, such as cytokines, lymphocytes and chemokines, in immunological responses and how they help modulate bone metabolism. All these factors have an impact on the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway, which is the major pathway for the maturation and resorption activity of osteoclast precursor cells, responsible for osteoporosis development. Recently, immunoporosis has emerged as a new research area in osteoimmunology dedicated to the immune system's role in osteoporosis.
methodsThe first part of this review presents theoretical concepts on the factors involved in the skeletal system and osteoimmunology. Secondly, existing treatments and novel therapeutic approaches to treat osteoporosis are summarized. These were selected from to the most recent studies published on PubMed containing the term osteoporosis. All data relate to the results of in vitro and in vivo studies on the osteoimmunological system of humans, mice and rats.
findingsTreatments for osteoporosis can be classified into two categories. They either target osteoclastogenesis inhibition (denosumab, bisphosphonates), or they aim to restore the number and function of osteoblasts (romozumab, abaloparatide). Even novel therapies, such as resolvins, gene therapy, and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, fall within this classification system.
conclusionThis review presents alternative pathways in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, along with some recent therapeutic breakthroughs to restore bone homeostasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.