ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021
Sex Differences Are Here to Stay: Relevance to Prenatal Care.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- Examining the joint contribution of maternal health, behavioral factors, psychosocial adversities, and environmental conditions during pregnancy for disparities in birth outcomes.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Observational
- Placental and juvenile immune responses to maternal immune activation are differentially regulated by sex chromosomes and gonads across gestation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- DNA methylation in the placenta and household socioeconomic status: the SPAH study.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
- Sex-influenced DNA methylation differs by placental cell type.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Prenatal Assessment of Fetal Vertebrae and Ribs by Three-Dimensional Ultrasound and the Association with Fetal and Neonatal Outcome.Fetal diagnosis and therapy · 2026Article
- Maternal Diet-Induced Excess Adiposity in Mice Disrupts Mid-Gestation Decidual Immune and Vascular Homeostasis Without Impairing Spiral Artery Remodeling.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Postnatal Growth Patterns and Deviations in Singleton and Twin Infants: A Prospective Cohort Study on Infants Appropriate and Small for Gestational Age.Pediatric discovery · 2025Article
- Placental DNA methylation key topics: sex- and cell-type specificity, mediation, multi-omics, and biomarker discovery.Epigenomics · 2025Review
- The role of sex differences in cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune functions in health and disease: a review for "Sex Differences in Health Awareness Day".Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Persistent Nausea among Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Illinois Kids Development Study (I-KIDS).Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Intraventricular hemorrhage among very low birth weight infants in a South African cohort: a retrospective study of trends & short-term outcomes.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- DNA methylation biomarkers of intellectual/developmental disability across the lifespan.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Review
- A novel CUL4B gene variant activating Wnt4/β-catenin signal pathway to karyotype 46, XY female with disorders of sex development.Biological research · 2025Article
- Sex-differences in Mothers' own milk and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Sex differences in delivery and neonatal characteristics of new-borns from the "MAMI-MED" cohort.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Ambient Toxic Air Contaminants in the Maternal Residential Area during Pregnancy and Cerebral Palsy in the Offspring.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Maternal-fetal conflict and the timing of birth.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2025Review
- Maternal characteristics impact the relationship between fetal sex and superimposed preeclampsia.Pregnancy hypertension · 2024Article
- Influence of Newborns' Characteristics on Postpartum Depression: The Impact of Birth Season and Male Sex in a Romanian Cohort Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Fetal growth restriction induced by maternal gal-3 deficiency is associated with altered gut-placenta axis.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sex differences exist in the incidence and presentation of many pregnancy complications, including but not limited to pregnancy loss, spontaneous preterm birth, and fetal growth restriction. Sex differences arise very early in development due to differential gene expression from the X and Y chromosomes, and later may also be influenced by the action of gonadal steroid hormones. Though offspring sex is not considered in most prenatal diagnostic or therapeutic strategies currently in use, it may be beneficial to consider sex differences and the associated mechanisms underlying pregnancy complications. This review will cover (i) the prevalence and presentation of sex differences that occur in perinatal complications, particularly with a focus on the placenta; (ii) possible mechanisms underlying the development of sex differences in placental function and pregnancy phenotypes; and (iii) knowledge gaps that should be addressed in the development of diagnostic or risk prediction tools for such complications, with an emphasis on those for which it would be important to consider sex.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.