Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34320951›Full record

ArticleBMC biology2021

Both Conifer II and Gnetales are characterized by a high frequency of ancient mitochondrial gene transfer to the nuclear genome.

Sheng-Long Kan, Ting-Ting Shen, Jin-Hua Ran, Xiao-Quan Wang

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
4.3field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Comprehensive Analysis of the Complete Mitochondrial Genomes ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
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  8. Comparative Genomics ofBiomolecules · 2025
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  20. Evolution of mitochondrial RNA editing in extant gymnosperms.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Sheng-Long KanState Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
Ting-Ting ShenSchool of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China.
Jin-Hua RanState Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China. jinhua_ran@ibcas.ac.cn.
Xiao-Quan WangState Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China. xiaoq_wang@ibcas.ac.cn.ORCID 0000-0003-3978-0828
Chinese Academy of Sciences · CNEast China University of Technology · CNInstitute of Botany of the Slovak Academy of Sciences · SK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMitochondrial gene transfer/loss is common in land plants, and therefore the fate of missing mitochondrial genes has attracted more and more attention. The gene content of gymnosperm mitochondria varies greatly, supplying a system for studying the evolutionary fate of missing mitochondrial genes.

resultsHere, we studied the tempo and pattern of mitochondrial gene transfer/loss in gymnosperms represented by all 13 families, using high-throughput sequencing of both DNA and cDNA. All 41 mitochondrial protein-coding genes were found in cycads, Ginkgo and Pinaceae, whereas multiple mitochondrial genes were absent in Conifer II and Gnetales. In Conifer II, gene transfer from mitochondria to the nucleus followed by loss of the mitochondrial copy was common, but complete loss of a gene in both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes was rare. In contrast, both gene transfer and loss were commonly found in Gnetales. Notably, in Conifer II and Gnetales, the same five mitochondrial genes were transferred to the nuclear genome, and these gene transfer events occurred, respectively, in ancestors of the two lineages. A two-step transfer mechanism (retroprocessing and subsequent DNA-mediated gene transfer) may be responsible for mitochondrial gene transfer in Conifer II and Gnetales. Moreover, the mitochondrial gene content variation is correlated with gene length, GC content, hydrophobicity, and nucleotide substitution rates in land plants.

conclusionsThis study reveals a complete evolutionary scenario for variations of mitochondrial gene transferring in gymnosperms, and the factors responsible for mitochondrial gene content variation in land plants.

Indexed as

Genes, MitochondrialGenome, MitochondrialCycadopsidaEvolution, MolecularMitochondriaPhylogenyTracheophytaConifer IIEvolutionary fateGene content variationGnetalesGymnospermMitochondrial gene transfer

Identifiers

PMID34320951
PMCPMC8317393
OpenAlexW3185722702

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.