Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34322111›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2021

The Axenic and Gnotobiotic Mosquito: Emerging Models for Microbiome Host Interactions.

Blaire Steven, Josephine Hyde, Jacquelyn C LaReau, Doug E Brackney

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
10.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Microbiota variation inMicrobiology spectrum · 2026
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  9. Alzheimer's disease and gut-brain axis:Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Microorganisms · 2024
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Characterization of the Tissue and Strain-Specific Microbiota ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024
    Article
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  15. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Blaire StevenDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, United States.
Josephine HydeDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, United States.
Jacquelyn C LaReauDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, United States.
Doug E BrackneyDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, United States.
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The increasing availability of modern research tools has enabled a revolution in studies of non-model organisms. Yet, one aspect that remains difficult or impossible to control in many model and most non-model organisms is the presence and composition of the host-associated microbiota or the microbiome. In this review, we explore the development of axenic (microbe-free) mosquito models and what these systems reveal about the role of the microbiome in mosquito biology. Additionally, the axenic host is a blank template on which a microbiome of known composition can be introduced, also known as a gnotobiotic organism. Finally, we identify a "most wanted" list of common mosquito microbiome members that show the greatest potential to influence host phenotypes. We propose that these are high-value targets to be employed in future gnotobiotic studies. The use of axenic and gnotobiotic organisms will transition the microbiome into another experimental variable that can be manipulated and controlled. Through these efforts, the mosquito will be a true model for examining host microbiome interactions.

Indexed as

axenicgnotobioticmicrobiomemodel systemmosquito

Identifiers

PMID34322111
PMCPMC8312643
OpenAlexW3180153693

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.