ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Identification of the Immunological Changes Appearing in the CSF During the Early Immunosenescence Process Occurring in Multiple Sclerosis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modulation of the immunological and neuroinflammatory microenvironment in older people with multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunosenescence in aging and neurodegenerative diseases: evidence, key hallmarks, and therapeutic implications.Translational neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Novel insights into the effect of sTIM-3 on NLRP3 inflammasome via interacting with ASC.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Article
- Identification of cellular factors associated with inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Choroid Plexus as a Mediator of CNS Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2024Review
- Review of evidence linking exposure to environmental stressors and associated alterations in the dynamics of immunosenescence (ISC) with the global increase in multiple sclerosis (MS).Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Review
- Benefit delayed immunosenescence by regulating CD4Aging cell · 2024Review
- Fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: from current to future applications.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Review
- Review
- The Role of Chitinase-3-like Protein-1 (YKL40) in the Therapy of Cancer and Other Chronic-Inflammation-Related Diseases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- YKL-40 as a biomarker in various inflammatory diseases: A review.Biochemia medica · 2024Review
- Implications of disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis on immune cells and response to COVID-19 vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Blood CD8+ Naïve T-Cells Identify MS Patients with High Probability of Optimal Cellular Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine.Vaccines · 2023Article
- CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis does not predict a less favourable long-term prognosis in MS.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Differential Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases with Central Nervous System Involvement.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Immunosenescence in Neurological Diseases-Is There Enough Evidence?Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Mitochondrial Impairments in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Multiple Sclerosis Patients.Biology · 2022Article
- The ABC-associated Immunosenescence and Lifestyle Interventions in Autoimmune Disease.Rheumatology and immunology research · 2022Review
- Cellular senescence in the cholangiopathies: a driver of immunopathology and a novel therapeutic target.Seminars in immunopathology · 2022Review
- Epstein-Barr Virus Load Correlates with Multiple Sclerosis-Associated Retrovirus Envelope Expression.Biomedicines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
25 authors at 11 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) suffer with age an early immunosenescence process, which influence the treatment response and increase the risk of infections. We explored whether lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM bands (LS-OCMB) associated with highly inflammatory MS modify the immunological profile induced by age in MS. This cross-sectional study included 263 MS patients who were classified according to the presence (M+, n=72) and absence (M-, n=191) of LS-OCMB. CSF cellular subsets and molecules implicated in immunosenescence were explored. In M- patients, aging induced remarkable decreases in absolute CSF counts of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, including Th1 and Th17 cells, and of B cells, including those secreting TNF-alpha. It also increased serum anti-CMV IgG antibody titers (indicative of immunosenescence) and CSF CHI3L1 levels (related to astrocyte activation). In contrast, M+ patients showed an age-associated increase of TIM-3 (a biomarker of T cell exhaustion) and increased values of CHI3L1, independently of age. Finally, in both groups, age induced an increase in CSF levels of PD-L1 (an inductor of T cell tolerance) and activin A (part of the senescence-associated secretome and related to inflammaging). These changes were independent of the disease duration. Finally, this resulted in augmented disability. In summary, all MS patients experience with age a modest induction of T-cell tolerance and an activation of the innate immunity, resulting in increased disability. Additionally, M- patients show clear decreases in CSF lymphocyte numbers, which could increase the risk of infections. Thus, age and immunological status are important for tailoring effective therapies in MS.
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