Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34322844›Full record

ReviewReviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders2022

Vitamin D, infections and immunity.

Aiten Ismailova, John H White

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 196 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
196citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
30.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

196 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 316 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity toInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Vitamin DFrontiers in oral health · 2026
    Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. High-dose vitamin DRespiratory research · 2024
    Trial
  13. Trial
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Vitamin DApplied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Review

136 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Aiten IsmailovaDepartments of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada.
John H WhiteDepartments of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada. john.white@mcgill.ca.
McGill University · CA

Funding

CIHR PJT-74294
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vitamin D, best known for its role in skeletal health, has emerged as a key regulator of innate immune responses to microbial threat. In immune cells such as macrophages, expression of CYP27B1, the 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1α-hydroxylase, is induced by immune-specific inputs, leading to local production of hormonal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) at sites of infection, which in turn directly induces the expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides. Vitamin D signaling is active upstream and downstream of pattern recognition receptors, which promote front-line innate immune responses. Moreover, 1,25D stimulates autophagy, which has emerged as a mechanism critical for control of intracellular pathogens such as M. tuberculosis. Strong laboratory and epidemiological evidence links vitamin D deficiency to increased rates of conditions such as dental caries, as well as inflammatory bowel diseases arising from dysregulation of innate immune handling intestinal flora. 1,25D is also active in signaling cascades that promote antiviral innate immunity; 1,25D-induced expression of the antimicrobial peptide CAMP/LL37, originally characterized for its antibacterial properties, is a key component of antiviral responses. Poor vitamin D status is associated with greater susceptibility to viral infections, including those of the respiratory tract. Although the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic has been alleviated in some areas by the arrival of vaccines, it remains important to identify therapeutic interventions that reduce disease severity and mortality, and accelerate recovery. This review outlines of our current knowledge of the mechanisms of action of vitamin D signaling in the innate immune system. It also provides an assessment of the therapeutic potential of vitamin D supplementation in infectious diseases, including an up-to-date analysis of the putative benefits of vitamin D supplementation in the ongoing COVID-19 crisis.

Indexed as

COVID-19Dental CariesVitamin D DeficiencyHumansImmunity, InnatePandemicsVitamin DVitamin DAntibacterialAntiviralCathelicidinCOVID-19InflammationNOD2Vitamin Dβ-defensin 2

Identifiers

PMID34322844
PMCPMC8318777
OpenAlexW3186825127

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.