ReviewWorld journal of diabetes2021
Role of interferons in diabetic retinopathy.
Review in World journal of diabetes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Key biomarkers in type 2 diabetes patients: A systematic review.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Interferon-mediated regulation of the neurovascular unit in diabetic retinopathy.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- An atlas of cGAS-STING signaling in pathophysiological angiogenesis and retinal vascular homeostasis across species.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Clinical efficacy of Conbercept combined with pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Diabetes associated pericyte metabolic signatures and pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Commentary on "Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy and macular edema in patients with early and late-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus".Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Article
- Interferon alpha-2b addition to intravitreal bevacizumab for diabetic macular edema: a randomized controlled trial.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Article
- Induction, amplification, and propagation of diabetic retinopathy-associated inflammatory cytokines between human retinal microvascular endothelial and Müller cells and in the mouse retina.Cellular signalling · 2024Article
- Integrative analysis of PANoptosis-related genes in diabetic retinopathy: machine learning identification and experimental validation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Retinal inflammation in murine models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes with diabetic retinopathy.Diabetologia · 2023Article
- Tocotrienol-rich fraction reduces retinal inflammation and angiogenesis in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2023Article
- Keeping an eye on the diabetic foot: The connection between diabetic eye disease and wound healing in the lower extremity.World journal of diabetes · 2022Review
- Changes in aqueous and vitreous inflammatory cytokine levels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Eye (London, England) · 2022Review
- Long non-coding ribonucleic acid ATP2B1-AS1 modulates endothelial permeability through regulating the miR-4729-IQGAP2 axis in diabetic retinopathy.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major causes of visual impairment and irreversible blindness in developed regions. Aside from abnormal angiogenesis, inflammation is the most specific and might be the initiating factor of DR. As a key participant in inflammation, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) can be detected in different parts of the eye and is responsible for the breakdown of the blood-retina barrier and activation of inflammatory cells and other cytokines, which accelerate neovascularization and neuroglial degeneration. In addition, IFN-γ is involved in other vascular complications of diabetes mellitus and angiogenesis-dependent diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, cerebral microbleeds, and age-related macular degeneration. Traditional treatments, such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, vitrectomy, and laser photocoagulation therapy, are more effective for angiogenesis and not tolerable for every patient. Many ongoing clinical trials are exploring effective drugs that target inflammation. For instance, IFN-α acts against viruses and angiogenesis and is commonly used to treat malignant tumors. Moreover, IFN-α has been shown to contribute to alleviating the progression of DR and other ocular diseases. In this review, we emphasize the roles that IFNs play in the pathogenesis of DR and discuss potential clinical applications of IFNs in DR, such as diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.