Trial reportAging2021
Chocolate consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a US population: a post hoc analysis of the PLCO cancer screening trial.
Trial report in Aging, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Fermented foods consumption, all-cause, and cause-specific mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review of prospective evidence linking non-alcoholic fermented food consumption with lower mortality risk.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Relationship between chocolate consumption and overall and cause-specific mortality, systematic review and updated meta-analysis.European journal of epidemiology · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of cocoa flavanol supplementation for the prevention of cardiovascular disease events: the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) randomized clinical trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- Effects of Cocoa Extract and Multivitamin Supplementation on Venous Thromboembolism in the COSMOS Trial.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Cacao: A Comprehensive Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Inadequate consumption of dietary fatty acids is a risk factor for ovarian cancer: evidence from the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Metabolite signatures of chronological age, aging, survival, and longevity.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Sex-specific dietary habits and their association with weight change in healthy adults.BMC medicine · 2024Observational
- Chocolate and Cocoa-Derived Biomolecules for Brain Cognition during Ageing.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Assessing Variability in Vascular Response to Cocoa With Personal Devices: A Series of Double-Blind Randomized Crossover n-of-1 Trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Few studies with mixed results have examined the association between chocolate consumption and mortality. We aimed to examine this association in a US population. A population-based cohort of 91891 participants aged 55 to 74 years was identified. Chocolate consumption was assessed via a food frequency questionnaire. Cox regression was used to estimate risk estimates. After an average follow-up of 13.5 years, 19586 all-cause deaths were documented. Compared with no regular chocolate consumption, the maximally adjusted hazard ratios of all-cause mortality were 0.89 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84-0.94], 0.84 (95% CI 0.79-0.90), 0.86 (95% CI 0.81-0.93), and 0.87 (95% CI 0.82-0.93) for >0-0.5 servings/week, >0.5-1 serving/week, >1-2 servings/week, and >2 servings/week, respectively (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.