ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2021
Wastewater-Based Epidemiology of Enteric Viruses and Surveillance of Acute Gastrointestinal Illness Outbreaks in a Resource-Limited Region.
Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Wastewater surveillance of rotavirus, norovirus, and hepatitis a virus in the Middle East and North Africa Region: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Occurrence of Hepatitis A Virus in Water Matrices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Integration of poliovirus and enteropathogen sewage surveillance in Dhaka Bangladesh: a longitudinal surveillance study, June 2019-June 2020.The Lancet. Microbe · 2026Article
- High Detection Frequency of Enteric Pathogens: Insight from Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) Surveillance Approach in Dakar, Senegal.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Effect of nucleic acid concentration method on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 detection sensitivity in aircraft wastewater.Journal of medical microbiology · 2026Article
- Wastewater-based surveillance and early warning-forecasting framework for norovirus: a two-year longitudinal study in Shenzhen, China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Molecular Surveillance and Genotypic Distribution of Rotavirus A, Norovirus GI and GII in Bangkok Wastewater Treatment Plants During COVID-19 Phase in 2023, Thailand.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Global Research Trends on Major Pathogenic Enteric Viruses (1990-2024): A Bibliometric Analysis of Epidemiology, Transmission, and Public Health Impact.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- A Perspective on Wastewater and Environmental Surveillance as a Public Health Tool for Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Epidemiological dynamics and early warning of norovirus and rotavirus A in Yantai City in 2023-2024 based on wastewater surveillance.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Magnetic Carbon Bead-Based Concentration Method for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Wastewater.Food and environmental virology · 2024Article
- Tracking epidemic viruses in wastewaters.Microbial biotechnology · 2024Review
- Seasonal Prevalence and Detection of Enteric and Respiratory Viruses in Wastewater and Hospitalized Children with Acute Gastroenteritis.Current microbiology · 2024Article
- Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella Typhi culture-based wastewater or non-sewered sanitation surveillance in a resource-limited region.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Viral Surveillance from an Endemic Perspective: Evidence and Challenges.Viruses · 2024Article
- Wastewater-based surveillance as a tool for public health action: SARS-CoV-2 and beyond.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Diurnal changes in pathogenic and indicator virus concentrations in wastewater.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2023Article
- Using Wastewater Surveillance to Monitor Gastrointestinal Pathogen Infections in the State of Oklahoma.Microorganisms · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality among all ages. This study applied the principles of wastewater-based epidemiology for the preventive identification of potential outbreaks of acute viral gastroenteritis and hepatitis A by analyzing the presence of human enteric viruses in influents of small municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) handling domestic sewage, together with public health reports of acute diarrheal and hepatitis A disease in Costa Rica during 2013. Raw wastewater samples were collected during four seasonal periods with different rainfall levels. The presence of five human enteric viruses (rotavirus A, norovirus GI, norovirus GII, enterovirus, and hepatitis A virus) was studied by endpoint and real-time polymerase chain reaction in influents of five WWTPs. Cases of AGI were analyzed using historical public health reports of endemic levels and quartile ranges for each administrative and territorial area where the WWTPs are located and for its surrounding counties. A tendency for a higher rate of positive viral tests was present 1 week before an increase of AGI cases. Epidemiological weeks categorized as Outbreak (above the 75th percentile) and Success (below the 25th percentile) showed statistically significant differences in terms of positive viral test rates (Wilcoxon test, P = 0.05). Virological monitoring of wastewater in small WWTPs is an appropriate model for epidemiological surveillance of diarrheal and hepatitis A diseases in low- and middle-resource countries.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.