ArticleToxicology reports2021
Combined effect of metformin and gallic acid on inflammation, antioxidant status, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and glucose metabolism in fructose-fed streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Article in Toxicology reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Excess Fructose Intake Activates Hyperinsulinemia and Mitogenic MAPK Pathways in Association With Cellular Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in the Pancreas of Rats.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
- Bioactive Polyphenolic Compounds from Propolis ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effect of Combined Treatment with Levofloxacin and Metformin on Diabetes-the Diabetes Related Behavioral and Biochemical Alterations.Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Article
- Gallic acid showed neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats.Acta cirurgica brasileira · 2025Article
- The efficacy of using metformin and/or quercetin for amelioration of gamma-irradiation induced tongue toxicity in diabetic rats.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Brazil nut (Food & nutrition research · 2024Article
- Hypoglycemia and anxiolysis mediated by levofloxacin treatment in diabetic rats.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular complications are resolved by tuna protein hydrolysate supplementation in rats fed with a high-fat diet.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Gallic acid and metformin co-administration reduce oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation via Fas/caspase-3 and NF-κB signaling pathways in thioacetamide-induced acute hepatic encephalopathy in rats.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2023Article
- Ameliorative effects of gallic acid on GLUT-4 expression and insulin resistance in high fat diet-induced obesity animal model mice,Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2023Article
- The role of GRP78/ATF6/IRE1 and caspase-3/Bax/Bcl2 signaling pathways in the protective effects of gallic acid against cadmium-induced liver damage in rats.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2023Article
- Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Improves Acetylcholine-Mediated Relaxation in the Aorta of Type-2 Diabetic Rats.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Role of Nutraceutical Containing Polyphenols in Diabetes Prevention.Metabolites · 2022Review
- Metabolic Adaptions/Reprogramming in Islet Beta-Cells in Response to Physiological Stimulators-What Are the Consequences.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Pharmacological Efficacy ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over time, diabetes patients usually need combination therapy involving two or more agents, including phytonutrients to attain therapeutic targets. The purpose of this research is to elucidate the combined effect of metformin and gallic acid (GA) on glucose metabolism, inflammation as well as oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses in fructose-fed diabetic rats. Thirty-five rats of Wistar strain were arbitrarily distributed into five groups, each containing seven animals as follows: normal control, diabetic control, groups administered 100 mg/kg bw metformin only, 50 mg/kg bw gallic acid only and a combination of both. Experimental animals were made diabetic by single injection of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (intraperitoneally) subsequent to 14 days administration of 10 % fructose prior. Treatment of rats continued for 21 days following diabetes confirmation. Glucose and insulin levels as well as lipid profile were evaluated in the serum, while activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were estimated in both liver and pancreas. In addition, levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as expression of activating transcription factor-4 were evaluated in liver and pancreas of diabetic rats. Activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and glucokinase were also determined in liver of diabetic animals. Metformin only, GA only and combination of metformin and GA significantly improved antioxidant status and glucose homeostasis while inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress were significantly ameliorated in diabetic rats. Metformin/GA combination appeared to improve glucose metabolism by increasing insulin level and ameliorating the dysregulated activities of glucose metabolizing enzymes and ER stress better than either metformin only or GA only. It could be concluded that coadministration of metformin/GA produced a combined effect in ameliorating diabetes in Wistar rats and could be considered in treatment of diabetes.
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