ArticleFrontiers in medicine2021
Proxalutamide Reduces the Rate of Hospitalization for COVID-19 Male Outpatients: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. It is linked to trial NCT04446429 (Anti-Androgen Treatment for COVID-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Anti-Androgen Treatment for COVID-19
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Fragility of Statistically Significant Results in Randomized Clinical Trials for COVID-19.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Effect of Androgen Suppression on Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Men With COVID-19: The HITCH Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- A Phase 2 Trial of the Effect of Antiandrogen Therapy on COVID-19 Outcome: No Evidence of Benefit, Supported by Epidemiology and In Vitro Data.European urology · 2022Trial
- When randomisation goes horribly wrong: examples of major failures of randomisation and strategies to avoid them.Trials · 2025Review
- Predicting drug outcome of population via clinical knowledge graph.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Review
- Proxalutamide reduces SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated inflammatory response.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Proxalutamide for the treatment of COVID-19 rebound following Paxlovid treatment: Report of four cases and review of the literature.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2023Review
- Sex hormones in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility: key players or confounders?Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2023Review
- Retraction of Clinical Trials about the SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An Unaddressed Problem and Its Possible Impact on Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 Treatment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Androgen Drives the Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Proteins in Sinonasal Tissue.Journal of clinical and translational pathology · 2023Article
- Review of therapeutic mechanisms and applications based on SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Small molecules in the treatment of COVID-19.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Review
- Research and development of Chinese anti-COVID-19 drugs.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2022Review
- Recent advances in small-molecular therapeutics for COVID-19.Precision clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Testosterone suppression combined with high dose estrogen as potential treatment of SARS-CoV-2. A mini review.Heliyon · 2022Review
- Impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy on the development of COVID-19 infections and associated complications: A systematic review.World journal of methodology · 2022Article
- Need for a Standardized Translational Drug Development Platform: Lessons Learned from the Repurposing of Drugs for COVID-19.Microorganisms · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Expression of concern · 2022-01-17Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Objections by Third Party · Updated to Retraction · · see also: https://www.bmj.com/content/375/bmj.n2819
- Retraction · 2022-06-08Concerns/Issues about Data · Error in Methods · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Objections by Third Party · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions · Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s) · · see also: https://www.bmj.com/content/375/bmj.n2819
- Expression of concern
- Retracted
Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antiandrogens have demonstrated a protective effect for COVOD-19 patients in observational and interventional studies. The goal of this study was to determine if proxalutamide, an androgen receptor antagonist, could be an effective treatment for men with COVID-19 in an outpatient setting. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted at two outpatient centers (Brasilia, Brazil). Patients were recruited from October 21 to December 24, 2020 (clinicaltrials.gov number, NCT04446429). Male patients with confirmed COVID-19 but not requiring hospitalization (COVID-19 8-point ordinal scale <3) were administered proxalutamide 200 mg/day or placebo for up to 7 days. The primary endpoint was hospitalization rate at 30 days post-randomization. A total of 268 men were randomized in a 1:1 ratio. 134 patients receiving proxalutamide and 134 receiving placebo were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. The 30-day hospitalization rate was 2.2% in men taking proxalutamide compared to 26% in placebo,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.