ReviewExperimental gerontology2021
Aging & COVID-19 susceptibility, disease severity, and clinical outcomes: The role of entangled risk factors.
Review in Experimental gerontology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Macular and retinal manifestations following COVID-19 vaccinations: a 2025 update systematic review and meta-analysis.Eye (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Potential interaction between the oral microbiota and COVID-19: a meta-analysis and bioinformatics prediction.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Pooled it
- The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece, 2020-January 2023: An Analysis Based on National Digital COVID-19 and Vaccination Registries.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Severe Vision Impairment and Its Association with COVID-19 Susceptibility, Severity, and Mortality: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Integration of the circulating miRNome and clinical information to predict 90-day mortality in elderly COVID-19 subphenotypes.iScience · 2026Article
- The impact of COVID-19 on mortality among diabetic and hypertensive individuals in coastal communities in Bangladesh: evidence from chakaria health and demographic surveillance system.Population health metrics · 2026Article
- Association between dental plaque index and COVID-19 severity: a cross-sectional study in a conflict-affected humanitarian setting.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Assessment of influenza virus and coronavirus tropism, replication competence and disease severity inThe Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Asymptomatic COVID-19 among university students during the low-risk transmission period.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Development and validation of age-specific predictive models on the risk of post-acute mortality within 1 year of COVID-19 infection.QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians · 2026Article
- The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a marker of immunosenescence and COVID-19 outcomes in the elderly: A narrative review.Physiological reports · 2026Review
- Whole-Body Cryotherapy at -90 °C for 9 Weeks: Effects on Immune Function, Stress, and Immune-Related and Vascular Blood Parameters in Healthy Adults-Results of an Exploratory One-Armed Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- CyDENT: A tale of CRISPR-free strand-specific base editor for nuclear and organellar genomes.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- COVID-19 severity analysis for clinical decision support based on machine learning approach.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Aging impairs the antiviral defense in Caenorhabditis elegans due to loss of DRH-1/RIG-I deSUMOylation by ULP-4/SENP7.EMBO reports · 2025Article
- Pre-hospital proton pump inhibitor use and clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A retrospective case-control study.World journal of virology · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 causes chronic lung inflammation and impaired respiratory capacity in aged Roborovski dwarf hamsters.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- The resident gut microbiome modulates the effect of synbiotics on the immunogenicity after SARS-COV-2 vaccination in elderly and diabetes patients.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- COVID-19 risk stratification among older adults: a machine learning approach to identify personal and health-related risk factors.BMC public health · 2025Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late 2019 has been associated with a high rate of mortality and morbidity. It has been determined that the old population are not only at an increased risk for affliction with COVID-19 infection, but also atypical presentations, severe forms of the disease, and mortality are more common in this population. A plethora of mechanisms and risk factors contribute to the higher risk of infection in the old population. For instance, aging is associated with an increment in the expression of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2), the receptor for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which precipitates replication of the virus in the old population. On the other hand, immune dysregulation and changes in gut microbiota as a result of aging can contribute to the cytokine storm, one of the main indicators of disease severity. Decrement in sex steroids, especially in women, as well as growth hormone, both of which have crucial roles in immune regulation, is a key contributor to disease severity in old age. Senescence-associated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in both pneumocytes and immune cells contribute to the severity of infection in an exacerbative manner. In addition, lifestyle-associated factors such as nutrition and physical activity, which are compromised in old age, are known as important factors in COVID-19 infection. Aging-associated comorbidities, especially cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus, also put older adults at an increased risk of complications, and disease severity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.