ReviewCells2021
NNRTI and Liver Damage: Evidence of Their Association and the Mechanisms Involved.
Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between the CYP2B6 polymorphisms and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors drug-induced liver injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Pharmacogenomics of antibacterial and antiviral therapies: Clinical actionability, evidence gaps, and future directions.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Comparative effectiveness of dolutegravir + lamivudine versus three-drug regimens in Swedish clinical practice: a nationwide study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- The impact of the recent HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors-based regimens on metabolic health outcomes: A narrative review.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Supplementing HIV-ART with cannabinoids increases serotonin, BHB, and Ahr signaling while reducing secondary bile acids and acylcholines.Science advances · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Liver Fibrosis Among People With HIV and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- HIV Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy Impair Liver Function in People Living with HIV: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Efficacy, safety, and anti-inflammatory properties of the switch to a doravirine-based regimen among antiretroviral-experienced elderly people living with HIV-1: the DORAGE cohort.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Observational
- Optimizing cardiometabolic risk in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A deep dive into an important risk enhancer.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2024Review
- Challenges and Opportunities for Consideration of Efavirenz Drug Repurposing for Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutics.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Review
- Evaluating Hepatotoxicity: A Comparative Analysis of New Generation versus Historical Antiretroviral Agents.Infectious disease reports · 2024Article
- IKAROS expression drives the aberrant metabolic phenotype of macrophages in chronic HIV infection.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2024Article
- Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnancy: A 2023 Review of the Literature.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Review
- TERT single nucleotide polymorphism rs2736098 but not rs2736100 is associated with telomere length in HIV-infected patients on cART.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Protective and Ameliorative Effects of Hydroethanolic Extract ofJournal of toxicology · 2024Article
- Impact of Combination Antiretroviral Treatment on Liver Metabolic Health in HIV-Infected Persons.Viruses · 2023Review
- Association between Combination Antiretroviral Therapy and Telomere Length in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Biology · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Due to the improved effectiveness and safety of combined antiretroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a manageable, chronic condition rather than a mortal disease. However, HIV patients are at increased risk of experiencing non-AIDS-defining illnesses, with liver-related injury standing out as one of the leading causes of death among these patients. In addition to more HIV-specific processes, such as antiretroviral drug-related toxicity and direct injury to the liver by the virus itself, its pathogenesis is related to conditions that are also common in the general population, such as alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, and ageing. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are essential components of combined anti-HIV treatment due to their unique antiviral activity, high specificity, and acceptable toxicity. While first-generation NNRTIs (nevirapine and efavirenz) have been related largely to liver toxicity, those belonging to the second generation (etravirine, rilpivirine and doravirine) seem to be generally safe for the liver. Indeed, there is preclinical evidence of rilpivirine being hepatoprotective in different models of liver injury, independently of the presence of HIV. The present study aims to review the mechanisms by which currently available anti-HIV drugs belonging to the NNRTI family may participate in the development of liver disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.