ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone and Kinin-Kallikrein Systems in the Cardiovascular Complications of COVID-19 and Long COVID.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long COVID and long chain fatty acids (LCFAs): Psychoneuroimmunity implication of omega-3 LCFAs in delayed consequences of COVID-19.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2022Pooled it
- Pathophysiology of COVID-19: A Post Hoc Analysis of the ICAT-COVID Clinical Trial of the Bradykinin Antagonist Icatibant.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Trial
- "Bridging the clinical, molecular and genetic perspectives on myocarditis in post-COVID-19 era".International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Review
- Long-term cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 survivors according to disease severity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Risk of Stroke in COVID-19 Survivors With Asthma: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- Kidney involvement and anemia in COVID-19 infection.World journal of nephrology · 2025Review
- Do Long COVID and COVID Vaccine Side Effects Share Pathophysiological Picture and Biochemical Pathways?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Association of Renin-Angiotensin Pathway Gene Polymorphisms with COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity in Moroccans: A Case-Control Study.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
- Angiotensin 1-7 and a telomerase reverse transcriptase activator individually restore vasodilatory capacity within the human microcirculation previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.Cardiovascular research · 2025Article
- Senegalin-2: A Novel Hexadecapeptide fromBiomolecules · 2024Article
- From Crisis to Complications: A Nationwide Cohort Study Assessing One-Year Cardiovascular and Thromboembolic Risks After Severe COVID-19 Compared to Matched Controls.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Patterns of C1-Inhibitor Plasma Levels and Kinin-Kallikrein System Activation in Relation to COVID-19 Severity.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Neuropsychiatric Burden of SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Its Physiopathology, Underlying Mechanisms, and Management Strategies.Viruses · 2024Review
- Lessons we learned during the past four challenging years in the COVID-19 era: pharmacotherapy, long COVID complications, and vaccine development.Virology journal · 2024Review
- Incidence of new-onset hypertension before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a 7-year longitudinal cohort study in a large population.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Levels of Angiotensin and Kinin Metabolite Peptides Related to COVID-19 Severity.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Article
- "When," "Where," and "How" of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Affects the Human Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review.Balkan medical journal · 2024Review
- The possible mechanism and research progress of ACE2 involved in cardiovascular injury caused by COVID-19: a review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Long COVID symptoms 6 months after acute infection among people living with HIV and people not living with HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- SGLT2 Inhibitors in Long COVID Syndrome: Is There a Potential Role?Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients may present as asymptomatic or demonstrate mild to severe and life-threatening symptoms. Although COVID-19 has a respiratory focus, there are major cardiovascular complications (CVCs) associated with infection. The reported CVCs include myocarditis, heart failure, arrhythmias, thromboembolism and blood pressure abnormalities. These occur, in part, because of dysregulation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) and Kinin-Kallikrein System (KKS). A major route by which SARS-CoV-2 gains cellular entry is via the docking of the viral spike (S) protein to the membrane-bound angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The roles of ACE2 within the cardiovascular and immune systems are vital to ensure homeostasis. The key routes for the development of CVCs and the recently described long COVID have been hypothesised as the direct consequences of the viral S protein/ACE2 axis, downregulation of ACE2 and the resulting damage inflicted by the immune response. Here, we review the impact of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system, the mechanisms by which dysregulation of the RAAS and KKS can occur following virus infection and the future implications for pharmacological therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.