ReviewFrontiers in systems neuroscience2021
Differences in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Pathology Among African American and Hispanic Women: A Qualitative Literature Review of Biomarker Studies.
Review in Frontiers in systems neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and amyloid β among cognitively healthy later-life adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Sex Differences in Amyloid Pathology by Race, Ancestry, and Apolipoprotein E ε4 in an Admixed Autopsy Sample.JAMA neurology · 2026Article
- APOE and plasma AD biomarkers: The role of genetic ancestry in Hispanics/Latinos.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Alzheimer Disease Imaging Biomarkers in a Diverse, Community-Based Cohort.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Do Sex Differences in Alzheimer Pathology Extend to Diverse Cohorts?JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Sex differences in amyloid PET in a large, real-world sample from the Imaging Dementia-Evidence for Amyloid Scanning (IDEAS) Study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Comparison of Methods of Detecting IL-1β in the Blood of Alzheimer's Disease Subjects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A twin analysis to estimate genetic and environmental factors contributing to variation in weighted gene co-expression network module eigengenes.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2025Article
- Article
- Aging, Race, and Health Disparities: Recommendations From the Research Centers Collaborative Network.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Unhealthy white matter connectivity, cognition, and racialization in older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Association of white matter hyperintensities with cognitive decline and neurodegeneration.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- The heritability of blood-based biomarkers related to risk of Alzheimer's disease in a population-based sample of early old-age men.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related dementias in Hispanics: Identifying influential factors and supporting caregivers.Ageing research reviews · 2024Review
- Biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in Black and/or African American Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants.Neurobiology of aging · 2023Article
- Genetic and Environmental Influences on Structural and Diffusion-Based Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Signatures Across Midlife and Early Old Age.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2023Article
- Intersectionality in Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Female Sex and Black American Race in the Development and Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2023Review
- Sleep Duration and Amyloid β Among Cognitively Healthy Later-Life Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Research square · 2023Article
- Sex differences in Alzheimer's disease blood biomarkers in a Caribbean population of African ancestry: The Tobago Health Study.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe population of older adults with Alzheimer's disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) is growing larger and more diverse. Prevalence of ADRD is higher in African American (AA) and Hispanic populations relative to non-Hispanic whites (nHW), with larger differences for women compared to men of the same race. Given the public health importance of this issue, we sought to determine if AA and Hispanic women exhibit worse ADRD pathology compared to men of the same race and nHW women. We hypothesized that such differences may explain the discrepancy in ADRD prevalence.
methodsWe evaluated 932 articles that measured at least one of the following biomarkers of ADRD pathology
resultsWe included 26 articles (Aß = 9, tau = 6, neurodegeneration = 16, cSVD = 18), with seven including sex-by-race comparisons. Studies differed by sampling source (e.g., clinic or population), multivariable analytical approach (e.g., adjusted for risk factors for AD), and cognitive status of participants. Aß burden did not differ by race or sex. Tau differed by race (AA < nHW), and by sex (women > men). Both severity of neurodegeneration and cSVD differed by race (AA > nHW; Hispanics < nHW) and sex (women < men). Among the studies that tested sex-by-race interactions, results were not significant.
conclusionFew studies have examined the burden of ADRD pathology by both race and sex. The higher prevalence of ADRD in women compared to men of the same race may be due to both higher tau load and more vulnerability to cognitive decline in the presence of similar Aß and cSVD burden. AA women may also exhibit more neurodegeneration and cSVD relative to nHW populations. Studies suggest that between-group differences in ADRD pathology are complex, but they are too sparse to completely explain why minority women have the highest ADRD prevalence. Future work should recruit diverse cohorts, compare ADRD biomarkers by both race and sex, and collect relevant risk factor and cognitive data.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.