ArticleFrontiers in behavioral neuroscience2021
Clinically Used Hormone Formulations Differentially Impact Memory, Anxiety-Like, and Depressive-Like Behaviors in a Rat Model of Transitional Menopause.
Article in Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Menopause and neurological disorders: a roadmap for research.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Contraceptive hormone ethinyl estradiol but not levonorgestrel modulates the role of reinforcer-enhancement in nicotine self-administration in ovary-intact female Sprague-Dawley rats.Neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Corticosterone disrupts spatial working memory during retention testing when highly taxed, which positively correlates with depressive-like behavior in middle-aged, ovariectomized female rats.Hormones and behavior · 2024Article
- The intersection between menopause and depression: overview of research using animal models.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Cognitive Problems in Perimenopause: A Review of Recent Evidence.Current psychiatry reports · 2023Review
- Evaluations of memory, anxiety, and the growth factor IGF-1R after post-surgical menopause treatment with a highly selective progestin.Behavioural brain research · 2023Article
- How preclinical models of menopause can inform clinical care: A focus on midlife and reciprocal communication between clinical and preclinical science.Current opinion in endocrine and metabolic research · 2023Article
- Altered brain rhythms and behaviour in the accelerated ovarian failure mouse model of human menopause.Brain communications · 2022Article
- Evaluating the Cognitive Impacts of Drospirenone, a Spironolactone-Derived Progestin, Independently and in Combination With Ethinyl Estradiol in Ovariectomized Adult Rats.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- GABA System Modifications During Periods of Hormonal Flux Across the Female Lifespan.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A variety of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved hormone therapy options are currently used to successfully alleviate unwanted symptoms associated with the changing endogenous hormonal milieu that occurs in midlife with menopause. Depending on the primary indication for treatment, different hormone therapy formulations are utilized, including estrogen-only, progestogen-only, or combined estrogen plus progestogen options. There is little known about how these formulations, or their unique pharmacodynamics, impact neurobiological processes. Seemingly disparate pre-clinical and clinical findings regarding the cognitive effects of hormone therapies, such as the negative effects associated with conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate vs. naturally circulating 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone, signal a critical need to further investigate the neuro-cognitive impact of hormone therapy formulations. Here, utilizing a rat model of transitional menopause, we administered either E2, progesterone, levonorgestrel, or combinations of E2 with progesterone or with levonorgestrel daily to follicle-depleted, middle-aged rats. A battery of assessments, including spatial memory, anxiety-like behaviors, and depressive-like behaviors, as well as endocrine status and ovarian follicle complement, were evaluated. Results indicate divergent outcomes for memory, anxiety, and depression, as well as unique physiological profiles, that were dependent upon the hormone regimen administered. Overall, the combination hormone treatments had the most consistently favorable profile for the domains evaluated in rats that had undergone experimentally induced transitional menopause and remained ovary-intact. The collective results underscore the importance of investigating variations in hormone therapy formulation as well as the menopause background upon which these formulations are delivered.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.