ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Cancer Immunotherapies: From Efficacy to Resistance Mechanisms - Not Only Checkpoint Matters.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- NRGN inhibits CD8⁺ T cell effector function by downregulating MHC-I expression through the FMR1-IRF8 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Article
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- Expert consensus on the detection and clinical application of tumor mutational burden.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Article
- Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of Aerobic Acute Exercise Prior to Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy Infusion in Patients with Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Identifying and validating SMARCAL1 as a prognostic and immunotherapy predictive biomarker for NSCLC.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Unveiling the significance of ADAM12 through pan-cancer analysis and experimental verification in gastric cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Comprehensive pan-cancer evaluation of NUP85 prognosis, immune infiltration response, and validation in prostate cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Simulating CD8 T cell exhaustion: A comprehensive approach.iScience · 2025Article
- The Immune Environment in Colorectal Adenoma: A Systematic Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Senescent immune cells in the tumor microenvironment: emerging insights into cancer immunotherapy resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- HLA-DR expression in cytotoxic T lymphocytes: a key to boost the therapeutic potential of T cell-based strategies for breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Construction and validation of a prognostic model based on oxidative stress-related genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): predicting patient outcomes and therapy responses.Translational lung cancer research · 2024Article
- Breast cancer immunotherapy: Realities and advances.Cancer innovation · 2024Review
- Article
- Hallmarks of cancer resistance.iScience · 2024Review
- Emerging Targets and Therapeutics in Immuno-Oncology: Insights from Landscape Analysis.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Unlocking the Potential of Gold as Nanomedicine in Cancer Immunotherapy.Journal of nanotheranostics · 2024Article
- High FLT3 expression increases immune-cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment and correlates with prolonged disease-free survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.Molecular oncology · 2024Article
- Adenosine Increases the Immunosuppressive Capacity of Cervical Cancer Cells by Increasing PD-L1 Expression and TGF-β Production through Its Interaction with APharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Senescence drives immunotherapy resistance by inducing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.Nature communications · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immunotherapeutic treatment of various cancers with an increasing number of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has profoundly improved the clinical management of advanced diseases. However, just a fraction of patients clinically responds to and benefits from the mentioned therapies; a large proportion of patients do not respond or quickly become resistant, and hyper- and pseudoprogression occur in certain patient populations. Furthermore, no effective predictive factors have been clearly screened or defined. In this review, we discuss factors underlying the elucidation of potential immunotherapeutic resistance mechanisms and the identification of predictive factors for immunotherapeutic responses. Considering the heterogeneity of tumours and the complex immune microenvironment (composition of various immune cell subtypes, disease processes, and lines of treatment), checkpoint expression levels may not be the only factors underlying immunotherapy difficulty and resistance. Researchers should consider the tumour microenvironment (TME) landscape in greater depth from the aspect of not only immune cells but also the tumour histology, molecular subtype, clonal heterogeneity and evolution as well as micro-changes in the fine structural features of the tumour area, such as myeloid cell polarization, fibroblast clusters and tertiary lymphoid structure formation. A comprehensive analysis of the immune and molecular profiles of tumour lesions is needed to determine the potential predictive value of the immune landscape on immunotherapeutic responses, and precision medicine has become more important.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.