Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2021
Cognitive response to testosterone replacement added to intensive lifestyle intervention in older men with obesity and hypogonadism: prespecified secondary analyses of a randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02367105 (Testosterone Replacement to Augment Lifestyle Therapy in Obese Older Veterans), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Testosterone Replacement to Augment Lifestyle Therapy in Obese Older Veterans
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Testosterone modulation of default mode network and its effects on cognitive function and mood in humans: a systematic review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Testosterone replacement in men with sexual dysfunction.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Care of Patients with Male Hypogonadism: A Joint Position Statement from the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM), the Brazilian Society of Urology (SBU), and the Brazilian Association for Sexual Medicine and Health (ABEMSS).International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of UrologyGuideline
- Beneficial effects of exercise, testosterone, vitamin D, calcium and protein in older men-A randomized clinical trial.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2024Trial
- The influence of sex steroids on cognition in elderly men.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Preserving Neurovascular Bundles Preserves the Mind: Cognitive, Functional, and Quality-of-Life Outcomes of Nerve-Sparing Radical Prostatectomy.Research and reports in urology · 2026Article
- Effects of androgen replacement therapy on cognitive function in patients with hypogonadism: A systematic review and meta‑analysis.Biomedical reports · 2025Article
- Local synthesis and function of neuro-estrogen and neuro-androgen: impact on the hippocampus-related cognition and neuronal plasticity.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Correlation between obesity and AlzheimerZhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2024Review
- Sex and gender correlates of sexually polymorphic cognition.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- Treating Hypopituitarism in the Over 65s: Review of Clinical Studies.Clinical interventions in aging · 2023Review
- Testosterone, cognitive decline and dementia in ageing men.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBoth obesity and hypogonadism are common in older men which could additively exacerbate age-related declines in cognitive function. However, little is known about the effects of lifestyle intervention plus testosterone replacement therapy in this population.
objectivesIn this secondary analysis of the LITROS (Lifestyle Intervention and Testosterone Replacement in Obese Seniors) trial, we examined whether testosterone replacement therapy would improve cognitive function when added to intensive lifestyle intervention in older men with obesity and hypogonadism.
methodsEighty-three older, obese hypogonadal men with frailty were randomly assigned to lifestyle therapy (weight management and exercise training) plus testosterone (LT + Test) or lifestyle therapy plus placebo (LT + Pbo) for 6 mo. For this report, the primary outcome was change in the global cognition composite z score. Secondary outcomes included changes in z score subcomponents: attention/information processing, memory, executive function, and language. Changes between groups were analyzed using mixed-model repeated-measures ANCOVAs following the intention-to-treat principle.
resultsGlobal cognition z score increased more in the LT + Test than in the LT + Pbo group (mean change: 0.49 compared with 0.21; between-group difference: -0.28; 95% CI: -0.45, -0.11; Cohen's d = 0.74). Moreover, attention/information z score and memory z score increased more in the LT + Test than in the LT + Pbo group (mean change: 0.55 compared with 0.23; between-group difference: -0.32; 95% CI: -0.55, -0.09; Cohen's d = 0.49 and mean change: 0.90 compared with 0.37; between-group difference: -0.53; 95% CI: -0.93, -0.13; Cohen's d = 1.43, respectively). Multiple regression analyses showed that changes in peak oxygen consumption, strength, total testosterone, and luteinizing hormone were independent predictors of the improvement in global cognition (R2 = 0.38; P < 0.001).
conclusionsThese findings suggest that in the high-risk population of older men with obesity and hypogonadism, testosterone replacement may improve cognitive function with lifestyle behaviors controlled via lifestyle intervention therapy.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02367105.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.