Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34396086›Full record

ReviewBiosafety and health2021

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and RNA dependent RNA polymerase as targets for drug and vaccine development: A review.

Yusuf Muhammed, Abduljalal Yusuf Nadabo, Mkpouto Pius, Bashiru Sani, Jafar Usman, Nasir Anka Garba, Jaafaru Mohammed Sani, Basit Opeyemi Olayanju, Sunday Zeal Bala, Musa Garba Abdullahi and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biosafety and health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.

Yusuf MuhammedDepartment of Biochemistry, Federal University, Gusau, Nigeria.
Abduljalal Yusuf NadaboFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.
Mkpouto PiusDepartment of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, CB2 1TN, United Kingdom.
Bashiru SaniDepartment of Microbiology, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria.
Jafar UsmanDepartment of Biochemistry, Federal University, Gusau, Nigeria.
Nasir Anka GarbaDepartment of Biochemistry, Federal University, Gusau, Nigeria.
Jaafaru Mohammed SaniDepartment of Biochemistry, Kaduna State University, Nigeria.
Basit Opeyemi OlayanjuDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, FL 33199, USA.
Sunday Zeal BalaDepartment of Biochemistry, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
Musa Garba AbdullahiFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Nigeria.
Misbahu SamboDepartment of Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria.
Federal Medical Centre · NGKaduna State University · NGAbubakar Tafawa Balewa University · NGAhmadu Bello University · NGBayero University Kano · NGFederal University Lafia · NGFlorida International University · USUniversity of Cambridge · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The present pandemic has posed a crisis to the economy of the world and the health sector. Therefore, the race to expand research to understand some good molecular targets for vaccine and therapeutic development for SARS-CoV-2 is inevitable. The newly discovered coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a positive sense, single-stranded RNA, and enveloped virus, assigned to the beta CoV genus. The virus (SARS-CoV-2) is more infectious than the previously detected coronaviruses (MERS and SARS). Findings from many studies have revealed that S protein and RdRp are good targets for drug repositioning, novel therapeutic development (antibodies and small molecule drugs), and vaccine discovery. Therapeutics such as chloroquine, convalescent plasma, monoclonal antibodies, spike binding peptides, and small molecules could alter the ability of S protein to bind to the ACE-2 receptor, and drugs such as remdesivir (targeting SARS-CoV-2 RdRp), favipir, and emetine could prevent SASR-CoV-2 RNA synthesis. The novel vaccines such as mRNA1273 (Moderna), 3LNP-mRNAs (Pfizer/BioNTech), and ChAdOx1-S (University of Oxford/Astra Zeneca) targeting S protein have proven to be effective in combating the present pandemic. Further exploration of the potential of S protein and RdRp is crucial in fighting the present pandemic.

Indexed as

Drug repositioningRNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)SARS-CoV-2SARS-CoV-2-vaccinesSpike protein (S protein)

Identifiers

PMID34396086
PMCPMC8346354
OpenAlexW3188907507

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.