ReviewToxins2021
Acute Kidney Injury and Organ Dysfunction: What Is the Role of Uremic Toxins?
Review in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Uremic Toxins and Mortality in Patients With Acute Kidney Injury Prior to and During Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Plasma metabolomics analysis in murine prerenal azotemia reveals changes in energy substrates, amino acid metabolism, and uremic toxins.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2026Article
- A Clinical Prediction Score for Intradialytic Hypotension Among Hospitalized Patients with Acute Kidney Injury.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Predictive factors for mortality in acute mesenteric ischemia.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- Significance of neutrophil extracellular traps and low-density granulocytes in advanced chronic kidney disease (stage 5D) cases with COVID-19.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Article
- Acute Kidney Injury Induces Oxidative Stress and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation through AMPK Signaling Pathway.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Uremic Toxin Homocysteine Exacerbates the Brain Inflammation Induced by Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion in Mice.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approaches for Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Study With Imatinib.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Article
- Gut Microbiota Mediates the Protective Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Qiong-Yu-Gao against Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), defined as an abrupt increase in serum creatinine, a reduced urinary output, or both, is experiencing considerable evolution in terms of our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and its impact on other organs. Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are main contributors to organ dysfunction in AKI, but they are not alone. The precise mechanisms behind multi-organ dysfunction are not yet fully accounted for. The building up of uremic toxins specific to AKI might be a plausible explanation for these disturbances. However, controversies have arisen around their effects in organs other than the kidney, because animal models usually depict AKI as a kidney-specific injury. Meanwhile, humans present AKI frequently in association with multi-organ failure (MOF). Until now, medium-molecular-weight molecules, such as inflammatory cytokines, have been proven to play a role in endothelial and epithelial injury, leading to increased permeability and capillary leakage, mainly in pulmonary and intestinal tissues.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.