ArticlePloS one2021
Associations of fat mass and muscle function but not lean mass with cognitive impairment: The Yishun Study.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of sarcopenic obesity with cognitive dysfunction and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Pooled it
- Association of sarcopenic obesity with cognitive dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) · 2025Pooled it
- Consensus-Defined Sarcopenic Obesity and a Related Dynapenic Obesity Phenotype in Relation to Early Cognitive Impairment.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Article
- Association between geriatric malnutrition and the risk of dementia: a retrospective cross-sectional cohort study in Uganda.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Sarcopenia in cognitive disorders: Toward a shared pathophysiological framework.Osteoporosis and sarcopenia · 2026Review
- Associations of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity Using Different Obesity Definitions With Memory Decline.Journal of diabetes · 2026Article
- Cognitive Sarcopenia: Prevalence and the Risk for Mortality and Healthy Aging in the KORA-Age Study.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Article
- Nutritional Status, Fat-Free Mass Index, and Functional Dependency in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Path Analysis.Clinical interventions in aging · 2026Article
- Bidirectional Relationship among Cognitive Function, Muscle Mass, and Grip Strength in Older Adults: the BUSAN Study.Annals of geriatric medicine and research · 2025Article
- Muscle density, but not size, is independently associated with cognitive health in older adults with hip fractures.JBMR plus · 2024Article
- Deficits in force production during multifinger tasks demarcate cognitive dysfunction.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Article
- Sex Differences in the Impact of Dynapenic Abdominal Obesity on Mild Cognitive Impairment among Korean Elderly in the Community.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Interactions between muscle volume and body mass index on brain structure in the UK Biobank.Frontiers in dementia · 2024Article
- Does the regulation of skeletal muscle influence cognitive function? A scoping review of pre-clinical evidence.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2023Article
- Musculoskeletal Deficits and Cognitive Impairment: Epidemiological Evidence and Biological Mechanisms.Current osteoporosis reports · 2022Review
- A Link between Handgrip Strength and Executive Functioning: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Controls.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSarcopenia and obesity are reportedly associated with risk of cognitive decline, and sarcopenic obesity (SO) heightens the risk, but the evidence is sparse and inconclusive. This study aimed to examine the association between SO and cognitive impairment.
methodsA total of 542 community-dwelling adults aged between 21 and 90 years were recruited. All participants were assessed for body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry), handgrip strength (HGS), gait speed (GS), and cognitive function (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status). Sarcopenia was defined by the presence of low appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) and low HGS or low GS according to the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria, and obesity was defined based on the upper two quintiles of fat mass index (FMI).
resultsSarcopenia alone or in combination with obesity were not significantly associated with cognitive impairment after controlling for confounding variables. Obesity on its own was significantly associated with greater odds of impaired attention (OR: 2.05, 95%CI 1.12-3.82). Low ALMI was not associated, but low HGS, slow GS, and high FMI were individually associated with cognitive impairment: low HGS and immediate memory (OR: 1.91, 95% CI 1.04-3.49); low GS and immediate memory (OR: 2.17, 95% CI 1.26-3.72); high FMI and attention (OR: 2.06, 95% CI 1.22-3.51). Co-occurring high FMI with either low HGS or slow GS exacerbated the observed odds of global and domain-specific (attention, visuospatial) cognitive impairment.
conclusionsLean mass is not relevant, whereas muscle strength and physical performance or adiposity are relevant in defining sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity in terms of their cognitive impacts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.