ReviewLife (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Space Radiation Protection Countermeasures in Microgravity and Planetary Exploration.
Review in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 in Space: Possible Health Risks and Preparedness Guidelines.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Tackling aging and chronic disease: How space exploration and the 'chameleon effect' of pharmaceuticals can lead the way.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Personalization and Fortification of In-Space Manufactured Emulsified Beverages for Long-Term Space Travel.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Beyond Earth: Recent Advancements in Microgravity Biomedical and Genetic Research in Saudi Arabia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Space Radiation and Cancer Risk in Astronauts: Models, Evidence, Uncertainties, and Emerging Imaging Perspectives.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2026Review
- Effects of the space environment on articular cartilage homeostasis: a review.NPJ microgravity · 2026Review
- Galactic cosmic radiation produces sex-specific, circuit-selective cognitive vulnerability: countermeasure trade-offs revealed by multi-domain assessment.Research square · 2026Article
- Understanding Spaceflight-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Critical Role of Diet and Microbiome.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Polydopamine-Based Antioxidant Countermeasures Against Spaceflight-Induced Neurodegeneration.Small science · 2026Article
- Review
- Risk of Permanent Corneal Injury in Microgravity: Spaceflight-Associated Hazards, Challenges to Vision Restoration, and Role of Biotechnology in Long-Term Planetary Missions.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Synthetic and Natural Radioprotective Agents: Recent Status and their Underlying Mechanism of Action.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
- The cornea during spaceflight: a frontier in space medicine ophthalmology.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- Changing the gravity vector direction by inverted culture enhances radiation-induced cell damage.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2024Article
- 8-OxodG: A Potential Biomarker for Chronic Oxidative Stress Induced by High-LET Radiation.DNA · 2024Article
- Navigating the Unknown: A Comprehensive Review of Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome.Cureus · 2024Review
- Countermeasures for Maintaining Cardiovascular Health in Space Missions.Current cardiology reviews · 2023Article
- To infinity and beyond: Strategies for fabricating medicines in outer space.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSpace radiation is one of the principal environmental factors limiting the human tolerance for space travel, and therefore a primary risk in need of mitigation strategies to enable crewed exploration of the solar system.
methodsWe summarize the current state of knowledge regarding potential means to reduce the biological effects of space radiation. New countermeasure strategies for exploration-class missions are proposed, based on recent advances in nutrition, pharmacologic, and immune science.
resultsRadiation protection can be categorized into (1) exposure-limiting: shielding and mission duration; (2) countermeasures: radioprotectors, radiomodulators, radiomitigators, and immune-modulation, and; (3) treatment and supportive care for the effects of radiation. Vehicle and mission design can augment the overall exposure. Testing in terrestrial laboratories and earth-based exposure facilities, as well as on the International Space Station (ISS), has demonstrated that dietary and pharmacologic countermeasures can be safe and effective. Immune system modulators are less robustly tested but show promise. Therapies for radiation prodromal syndrome may include pharmacologic agents; and autologous marrow for acute radiation syndrome (ARS).
conclusionsCurrent radiation protection technology is not yet optimized, but nevertheless offers substantial protection to crews based on Lunar or Mars design reference missions. With additional research and human testing, the space radiation risk can be further mitigated to allow for long-duration exploration of the solar system.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.