ReviewCells2021
HDL in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: In Search of a Role.
Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum Cholesterol Levels and Risk of Cardiovascular Death: A Systematic Review and a Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of Longer-Term Mixed Nut Consumption on Lipoprotein Particle Concentrations in Older Adults with Overweight or Obesity.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Biology of HDL: From Structural Heterogeneity to Dysfunctional Remodeling in Cardiovascular Disease and Comorbidities.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A deep learning algorithm for coronary heart disease prediction based on retinal fundus photographs and optical coherence tomography.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- hs-CRP/HDL Ratio Across Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Phenotypes in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Artificial recombinant high-density protein nanocarriers for precision drug delivery.Chemical science · 2026Review
- Dose‑dependent association of smoking exposure with HDL subfraction cholesterol content.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Interactive Effects of HDL Cholesterol and hs-CRP in Relation to Cardiometabolic Risk Clustering Among Middle-Aged Adults.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- A Mathematical Model for Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switching In Atherosclerotic Plaque.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2026Article
- Beyond Cholesterol: Is High-Density Lipoprotein a New Prognostic Factor in Rheumatic Heart Disease?JACC. Asia · 2026Article
- Association of novel lipid markers with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease risk: A cross-sectional NHANES 1999 to 2018 study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Sphingolipid Metabolism: A Pathological Hub Linking Lipid Dysregulation and Chronic Inflammation in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Comparison of the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein ratio, lipid profile, and glycated hemoglobin and their association with coronary artery disease in the older adult Saudi population: a case-control study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Targeting lymphatic dysfunction in atherosclerosis: a state-of-the-art review on potential therapies and future directions.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Assessment of biochemical and hematological profiles in outpatients with serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Genetic testing in individuals with extreme HDL-C levels: Diagnostic yield and clinical implications from the Tromsø Study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- Dysfunction of the ABCA1 and ABCG1 Transporters and Their Impact on HDL Metabolism.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Radiolabeling lipoproteins to study and manage disease.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
For a long time, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been regarded as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) protective factor. Recently, several epidemiological studies, while confirming low plasma levels of HDL-C as an established predictive biomarker for atherosclerotic CVD, indicated that not only people at the lowest levels but also those with high HDL-C levels are at increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) mortality. This "U-shaped" association has further fueled the discussion on the pathophysiological role of HDL in CVD. In fact, genetic studies, Mendelian randomization approaches, and clinical trials have challenged the notion of HDL-C levels being causally linked to CVD protection, independent of the cholesterol content in low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C). These findings have prompted a reconsideration of the biological functions of HDL that can be summarized with the word "HDL functionality", a term that embraces the many reported biological activities beyond the so-called reverse cholesterol transport, to explain this lack of correlation between HDL levels and CVD. All these aspects are summarized and critically discussed in this review, in an attempt to provide a background scenario for the "HDL story", a lipoprotein still in search of a role.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.