ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Revisiting the Cytotoxicity of Cationic Polyelectrolytes as a Principal Component in Layer-by-Layer Assembly Fabrication.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complex coacervate tissue adhesives: effect of polycation chemistry and ionic strength on cytocompatibility.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2026Article
- Self-Assembly of pH-Responsive Star-Shaped Amphiphilic Polypeptides Based on l‑Lysine and l‑Leucine.ACS polymers Au · 2025Article
- TYRAY-Functionalized Alginate Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting Support Stem Cell Culture and Endothelial Network Formation.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- Take a (statistical) look at microbial motility: analytical assessment of the early-stage interaction betweenMaterials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Platelet Extracellular Vesicles Loaded Gelatine Hydrogels for Wound Care.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Post-Sterilization Physicochemical Characterization and Biological Activity of Cellulose Nanocrystals Coated with PDDA.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Emerging Cationic Nanovaccines.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Cationic polymer effect on brown adipogenic induction of dedifferentiated fat cells.Materials today. Bio · 2024Article
- Layer-by-layer assembly of nanotheranostic particles for simultaneous delivery of docetaxel and doxorubicin to target osteosarcoma.APL bioengineering · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Adsorption on Macroion Layers: Molecular Dynamics Modeling and Kinetic Measurements.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- The Use of a Barley-Based Well to Define Cationic Betaglucan to Study Mammalian Cell Toxicity Associated with Interactions with Biological Structures.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- DNA/Magnetic Nanoparticles Composite to Attenuate Glass Surface Nanotopography for Enhanced Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation.Polymers · 2022Article
- Sequence Does Not Matter: The Biomedical Applications of DNA-Based Coatings and Cores.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Polycations are an essential part of layer-by-layer (LbL)-assembled drug delivery systems, especially for gene delivery. In addition, they are used for other related applications, such as cell surface engineering. As a result, an assessment of the cytotoxicity of polycations and elucidation of the mechanisms of polycation toxicity is of paramount importance. In this study, we examined in detail the effects of a variety of water-soluble, positively charged synthetic polyelectrolytes on in vitro cytotoxicity, cell and nucleus morphology, and monolayer expansion changes. We have ranked the most popular cationic polyelectrolytes from the safest to the most toxic in relation to cell cultures. 3D cellular cluster formation was disturbed by addition of polyelectrolytes in most cases in a dose-dependent manner. Atomic force microscopy allowed us to visualize in detail the structures of the polyelectrolyte-DNA complexes formed due to electrostatic interactions. Our results indicate a relationship between the structure of the polyelectrolytes and their toxicity, which is necessary for optimization of drug and gene delivery systems.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.