ReviewPharmaceutics2021
Drug Screening, Oral Bioavailability and Regulatory Aspects: A Need for Human Organoids.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Advances and challenges in research methods on oral absorption mechanisms of nano-formulations.PeerJ · 2025Pooled it
- Mechanisms of Xiangxue decoction in treating COVID-19 via HPLC‒Q-TOF‒MS/MS, network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Differential toxicity of water- and DMSO-extractable PM2.5 fractions in human alveolar organoids.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- Need for NAMs: A systematic evidence synthesis revealing over half a century of drug development failure.NAM journal · 2026Article
- Advanced Animal Replacement Testing Strategies Using Stem Cell and Organoids.International journal of stem cells · 2025Review
- The 3C (Cell Culture, Computer Simulation, Clinical Trial) Solution for Optimizing the 3R (Replace, Reduction, Refine) Framework during Preclinical Research Involving Laboratory Animals.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- Comparative analysis of Caco-2 cells and human jejunal and duodenal enteroid-derived cells in gel- and membrane-based barrier models of intestinal permeability.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- Exploring organoid and assembloid technologies: a focus on retina and brain.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2025Review
- From gut to liver: organoids as platforms for next-generation toxicology assessment vehicles for xenobiotics.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Live-Cell Calcium Imaging in 3D Intestinal Organoids.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Current applications of intestinal organoids: a review.Stem cell research & therapy · 2024Review
- Intestinal Membrane Function in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound elastography in the context of preclinical pharmacological research: significance for the 3R principles.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Progress of research on tumor organoids: A bibliometric analysis of relevant publications from 2011 to 2021.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Unraveling the mystery of efficacy in Chinese medicine formula: New approaches and technologies for research on pharmacodynamic substances.Arabian journal of chemistry · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium critically contributes to oral bioavailability of drugs by constituting an important site for drug absorption and metabolism. In particular, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) actively serve as gatekeepers of drug and nutrient availability. IECs' transport processes and metabolism are interrelated to the whole-body metabolic state and represent potential points of origin as well as therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases. Human intestinal organoids represent a superior model of the intestinal epithelium, overcoming limitations of currently used in vitro models. Caco-2 cells or rodent explant models face drawbacks such as their cancer and non-human origin, respectively, but are commonly used to study intestinal nutrient absorption, enterocyte metabolism and oral drug bioavailability, despite poorly correlative data. In contrast, intestinal organoids allow investigating distinct aspects of bioavailability including spatial resolution of transport, inter-individual differences and high-throughput screenings. As several countries have already developed strategic roadmaps to phase out animal experiments for regulatory purposes, intestinal organoid culture and organ-on-a-chip technology in combination with in silico approaches are roads to go in the preclinical and regulatory setup and will aid implementing the 3Rs (reduction, refinement and replacement) principle in basic science.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.