Evidence mapPaperPMID 34460075Full record

ReviewReviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders2022

The effects of cannabis and cannabinoids on the endocrine system.

Farah Meah, Michelle Lundholm, Nicholas Emanuele, Hafsa Amjed, Caroline Poku, Lily Agrawal, Mary Ann Emanuele

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
5.0field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Ageing, Neurodegeneration and the Endocannabinoid System.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2026
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Bidirectional Effect of Long-Term ΔACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. A Review of the Effects of Adolescent Cannabis Use on Physical Health.The Psychiatric clinics of North America · 2023
    Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Observational
  19. A Review of the Effects of Adolescent Cannabis Use on Physical Health.Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America · 2023
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Farah MeahEndocrinology Section, Medical Service, VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA.
Michelle LundholmDepartment of Internal Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7137-1365
Nicholas EmanueleEndocrinology Section, Medical Service, VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA.
Hafsa AmjedDepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Loyola University Health Care System, Maywood, Illinois, USA.
Caroline PokuDepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Loyola University Health Care System, Maywood, Illinois, USA.
Lily AgrawalEndocrinology Section, Medical Service, VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA.
Mary Ann EmanueleDepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Loyola University Health Care System, Maywood, Illinois, USA. memanue@lumc.edu.
Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital · USLoyola University Medical Center · USUniversity Health Care System · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With the increase in cannabis use due to policy changes and areas of decriminalization, it is important to recognize the potential impact of these substances on endocrine processes. Cannabinoids have many effects by activating the endocannabinoid system. This system plays a role in the normal functioning of nearly every organ and consists of the body's natural endocannabinoids, the cannabinoid receptors, and the enzymes and processes that regulate endocannabinoids. Exogenous cannabinoids such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are known to act through cannabinoid type 1 and 2 receptors, and have been shown to mimic endocannabinoid signaling and affect receptor expression. This review summarizes the known impacts of cannabis on thyroid, adrenal, and gonadal function in addition to glucose control, lipids, and bone metabolism, including: reduced female fertility, increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, reduced sperm counts and function, lower thyroid hormone levels with acute use, blunting of stress response with chronic use, increased risk of prediabetes but lower risk of diabetes, suggested improvement of high density lipoproteins and triglycerides, and modest increase in fracture risk. The known properties of endocannabinoids, animal data, population data, and the possible benefits and concerns of cannabinoid use on hormonal function are discussed. The interconnectivity of the endocrine and endocannabinoid systems suggests opportunities for future therapeutic modalities which are an area of active investigation.

Indexed as

CannabinoidsCannabisAnimalsEndocannabinoidsEndocrine SystemFemaleHumansPregnancyReceptors, CannabinoidCannabinoidsEndocannabinoidsReceptors, CannabinoidBoneCannabisDiabetesEndocannabinoidsFertilityThyroid

Identifiers

PMID34460075
OpenAlexW3198770682

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.