ArticleCell research2021
Mechanical activation of spike fosters SARS-CoV-2 viral infection.
Article in Cell research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Intracellular Mechanical Stress-Mediated Autophagy Cell Death via Nanospikes for Cancer Treatment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Severity-associated cross-reactive anti-sarbecovirus antibody responses in COVID-19 convalescents and isolation of a dual-targeting monoclonal antibody with cross-neutralizing activity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Role of NRP1/HDAC4/CREB/RIPK1 Axis in SARS-CoV2 S1 Spike Subunit-Induced Neuronal Toxicity.FASEB bioAdvances · 2025Article
- Modulation of SARS-CoV-2 spike binding to ACE2 through conformational selection.Nature nanotechnology · 2025Article
- The biomechanical phenomena observed in the cell invasion pathway of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: a review.Archives of virology · 2025Review
- Molecular Basis of High-Blood-Pressure-Enhanced and High-Fever-Temperature-Weakened Receptor-Binding Domain/Peptidase Domain Binding: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- MD Simulation Reveals a Trimerization-Enhanced Interaction of CD137L with CD137.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Dual-role epitope on SARS-CoV-2 spike enhances and neutralizes viral entry across different variants.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Mechanobiology research in China.Mechanobiology in medicine · 2023Review
- Probing conformational landscapes of binding and allostery in the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant complexes using microsecond atomistic simulations and perturbation-based profiling approaches: hidden role of omicron mutations as modulators of allosteric signaling and epistatic relationships.Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP · 2023Article
- Biomembrane force probe (BFP): Design, advancements, and recent applications to live-cell mechanobiology.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2023Review
- S373P Mutation Stabilizes the Receptor-Binding Domain of the Spike Protein in Omicron and Promotes Binding.JACS Au · 2023Article
- Physical-Chemical Regulation of Membrane Receptors Dynamics in Viral Invasion and Immune Defense.Journal of molecular biology · 2023Review
- 4D live imaging and computational modeling of a functional gut-on-a-chip evaluate how peristalsis facilitates enteric pathogen invasion.Science advances · 2022Article
- Single-molecule Force Spectroscopy on Biomembrane Force Probe to Characterize Force-dependent Bond Lifetimes of Receptor-ligand Interactions on Living Cells.Bio-protocol · 2022Article
- Probing Mechanisms of Binding and Allostery in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Omicron Variant Complexes with the Host Receptor: Revealing Functional Roles of the Binding Hotspots in Mediating Epistatic Effects and Communication with Allosteric Pockets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Mechanosensing view of SARS-CoV-2 infection by a DNA nano-assembly.Cell reports. Physical science · 2022Article
- Metalloprotease-Dependent S2'-Activation Promotes Cell-Cell Fusion and Syncytiation of SARS-CoV-2.Viruses · 2022Article
- Effects of spike protein and toxin-like peptides found in COVID-19 patients on human 3D neuronal/glial model undergoing differentiation: Possible implications for SARS-CoV-2 impact on brain development.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 (SARS2) has caused a global COVID-19 pandemic. The spike protein of SARS2 (SARS2-S) recognizes host receptors, including ACE2, to initiate viral entry in a complex biomechanical environment. Here, we reveal that tensile force, generated by bending of the host cell membrane, strengthens spike recognition of ACE2 and accelerates the detachment of spike's S1 subunit from the S2 subunit to rapidly prime the viral fusion machinery. Mechanistically, such mechano-activation is fulfilled by force-induced opening and rotation of spike's receptor-binding domain to prolong the bond lifetime of spike/ACE2 binding, up to 4 times longer than that of SARS-S binding with ACE2 under 10 pN force application, and subsequently by force-accelerated S1/S2 detachment which is up to ~10
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.