Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34476087›Full record

ReviewClinical kidney journal2021

Immune checkpoint inhibitor use in patients with end-stage kidney disease: an analysis of reported cases and literature review.

Abhijat Kitchlu, Kenar D Jhaveri, Ben Sprangers, Motoko Yanagita, Rimda Wanchoo

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical kidney journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.

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  19. The 'other' big complication: how chronic kidney disease impacts on cancer risks and outcomes.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2023
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.

Abhijat KitchluDepartment of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Kenar D JhaveriDivision of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, USA.
Ben SprangersDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-9675
Motoko YanagitaDepartment of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Rimda WanchooDivision of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, USA.
Northwell Health · USKyoto University · JPRega Institute for Medical Research · BEUniversity Health Network · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), immunomodulatory antibodies that are used to enhance the immune system, have substantially improved the prognosis of patients with advanced malignancy. As the use of ICI therapy becomes increasingly widespread across different types of cancer, their use in patients receiving dialysis is likely to increase. In this review we summarize the current literature on the use of ICIs in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients and provide aggregate data from reported cases and series. Based on available pharmacological information, ICIs require no dosing adjustment in ESKD patients. Analysis of the reported cases in the literature demonstrates a similar incidence of immune-related adverse events in patients with ESKD receiving dialysis as compared with the general population (49%). Severe reactions graded as 3 and 4 have been seen in 15 patients (16%). As such, it is important that these patients are monitored very closely for immune-related adverse events; however, the risk of these adverse events should not preclude patients on dialysis from receiving these therapies. Cancer remission (complete and partial) was seen in close to 30% of patients, stable disease was seen in 28% and progression of disease in ∼36%. One-third of the patients died. Urothelial and renal cell cancer represented approximately half of all treated cancers and accounted for ∼50% of all deaths reported. Additional data in the dialysis population with the use of ICIs and involvement in prospective studies are needed to better assess outcomes, particularly within specific cancer types.

Indexed as

cancerdialysisESKDimmunotherapynivolumabpembrolizumab

Identifiers

PMID34476087
PMCPMC8406068
OpenAlexW3163100624

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.