Evidence mapPaperPMID 34479550Full record

ArticleBMC complementary medicine and therapies2021

Administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of spinach improves oxidative stress and inflammation in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD rats.

Ali Amirinejad, Ali Saneei Totmaj, Farzaneh Mardali, Azita Hekmatdoost, Hadi Emamat, Majid Safa, Farzad Shidfar

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. Total Flavonoids fromFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Ali AmirinejadDepartment of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.
Ali Saneei TotmajDepartment of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.
Farzaneh MardaliDepartment of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.
Azita HekmatdoostDepartment of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hadi EmamatStudent Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Majid SafaDepartment of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Farzad ShidfarDepartment of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran. shidfar.f@iums.ac.ir.
Iran University of Medical Sciences · IRNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute · IR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of spinach (HES) on hepatic and serum measurements of NAFLD in a rat model.

methodsIn the prevention phase, 18 Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet, a high-fat diet plus 400 mg/kg HES, or a chow diet for seven weeks. For the treatment phase, after the induction of NAFLD, they were fed a high-fat diet, a high-fat diet plus 400 mg/kg HES, a chow diet, or a chow diet plus 400 mg/kg HES for four weeks (n = 6).

resultsAdministration of HES combined with high-fat diet in rats was associated with decreased food intake (P < 0.01), weight loss (P = 0.01), and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P = 0.02) enzyme activity in the liver, at the end of the prevention phase. hs-CRP (P < 0.05), PTX-3 (P < 0.05), and TNF-α (P < 0.05) gene expression in the liver were decreased and PPAR-γ (P < 0.05) gene expression in the liver was increased by spinach intake, both in the prevention and treatment phases. Furthermore, administration of spinach in the treatment phase increased serum TAC (P = 0.03) and hepatic GPX (P = 0.01) enzyme activity.

conclusionTaking into account the potential beneficial effects of HES on prevention and treatment of NAFLD in the present study, to confirm these findings, we propose that further clinical trials be conducted on human subjects with NAFLD.

Indexed as

Spinacia oleraceaAnimalsDiet, High-FatDisease Models, AnimalInflammationLiverNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseOxidative StressPlant ExtractsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaPlant ExtractsTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaInflammationNAFLDNASHOxidative stressSpinach

Identifiers

PMID34479550
PMCPMC8418034
OpenAlexW3163115209

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.