ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Serum, but Not Saliva, CXCL13 Levels Associate With Infiltrating CXCL13+ Cells in the Minor Salivary Gland Lesions and Other Histologic Parameters in Patients With Sjögren's Syndrome.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elevated CXCL13 in primary Sjögren's syndrome and its correlation with disease activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical rheumatology · 2022Pooled it
- From Molecular Pathophysiology to Clinical Trial Design in Sjögren's Disease: A Three-Axis Framework.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Molecular Insights into Oral Manifestations in Sjögren's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal orchestration of the salivary gland immune microenvironment in Sjögren's disease: a multidimensional framework of epithelial licensing, lymphoid neogenesis, and stromal remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Tissue-Specific Expansion of Age-Associated B Cells via IFN-γ and IL-21 Within Salivary Glands in Sjögren Disease.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Targeted proteomics identifies differentially expressed proteins in Sjögren's disease with incident lymphoma.RMD open · 2025Article
- Insights into Patient Heterogeneity in Sjögren's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Sunrise of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Cancer.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)-Associated Colorectal Cancer (CRC): Is cGAS-STING Pathway Targeting the Key to Chemoprevention?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Autoimmune disease and risk of lymphoma: analysis from real-world data and Mendelian randomization study.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Single-cell transcriptomic analysis uncovers heterogeneity in the labial gland microenvironment of primary Sjögren's syndrome.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2024Article
- Loss of CCL28 and CXCL17 Expression and Increase in CCR1 Expression May Be Related to Malignant Transformation of LGBLEL into Lymphoma.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- Integrated Analysis Identifies Upregulated SAMD9L as a Potential Biomarker Correlating with the Severity of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that elevated CXCL13 serum levels in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) associate with minor salivary gland (MSG) histologic features, disease severity, as well as high-risk status for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) development and NHL itself. In contrast, limited discriminative value of CXCL13 saliva levels has been reported. Prompt by these reports, we sought to validate the clinical utility of CXCL13 by investigating potential correlations of serum and saliva levels with MSG histopathologic [including CXCL13+-cell number, severity of infiltrates and germinal center (GC) formation], serologic and clinical parameters, as well as NHL. CXCL13 levels were evaluated in paired serum and saliva specimens of 45 pSS patients (15 with NHL; pSS-associated NHL: SSL), 11 sicca-controls (sicca-complaining individuals with negative MSG biopsy and negative autoantibody profile), 10 healthy individuals (healthy-controls) and 6 non-SS-NHLs. CXCL13+-cells were measured in paired MSG-tissues of 22 of pSS patients studied (including 7 SSLs) and all sicca-controls. CXCL13 serum levels were significantly increased in pSS and SSL patients compared to sicca- and healthy-controls and were positively correlated with the CXCL13+-cell number and biopsy focus-score. Serum CXCL13 was significantly higher in pSS patients with GCs, rheumatoid factor, hypocomplementemia, high disease activity, NHL and in high-risk patients for NHL development. CXCL13 saliva levels were significantly increased in SSL patients (compared to non-SS-NHLs), patients with GCs and in high-risk for NHL patients. Univariate analysis revealed that CXCL13 serum, but not saliva, levels were associated with lymphoma, an association that did not survive multivariate analysis. Conclusively, our findings confirm that serum, but not saliva, levels of CXCL13 are associated with histologic, serologic and clinical features indicative of more severe pSS.
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