ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Cellular and Molecular Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Linking Lung Infection to the Brain.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- The lung-brain axis: elucidating the mechanisms of pulmonary-driven neurological disorders.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Integrated bioinformatic identification and translational validation of key biomarkers and therapeutic candidates for preeclampsia-related acute kidney injury.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Article
- Golgi Fragmentation as a Potential Link Between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms and Implications for Neurodegeneration in Long COVID.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- Brain Volumetric Changes Post-COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- FeNO as a biomarker of interstitial and fibrotic pulmonary sequelae in patients admitted for severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of SARS-CoV-2 viral load on restrictive spirometry patterns in mild COVID-19 recovered middle-aged individuals: a six-month prospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Immune regulation of the gut-brain axis and lung-brain axis involved in ischemic stroke.Neural regeneration research · 2024Review
- The neurobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2024Review
- Anxiety in post-covid-19 syndrome - prevalence, mechanisms and treatment.Neuroscience applied · 2024Review
- Anti-infection effects of heparin on SARS-CoV-2 in a diabetic mouse model.Zoological research · 2023Article
- Differential Transcriptomic Landscapes of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Multiple Organs from Infected Rhesus Macaques.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2023Article
- Article
- Pooled evidence from preclinical and clinical studies for stem cell-based therapy in ARDS and COVID-19.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2023Review
- Long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on human brain and memory.Cell death discovery · 2023Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in SARS-CoV-2 patients with acute neurological syndromes.Revue neurologique · 2023Article
- Fewer COVID-19 Neurological Complications with Dexamethasone and Remdesivir.Annals of neurology · 2023Article
- Mechanisms of coronavirus infectious disease 2019-related neurologic diseases.Current opinion in neurology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In December 2019, a new viral disease emerged and quickly spread all around the world. In March 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak was classified as a global pandemic and by June 2021, the number of infected people grew to over 170 million. Along with the patients' mild-to-severe respiratory symptoms, reports on probable central nervous system (CNS) effects appeared shortly, raising concerns about the possible long-term detrimental effects on human cognition. It remains unresolved whether the neurological symptoms are caused directly by the SARS-CoV-2 infiltration in the brain, indirectly by secondary immune effects of a cytokine storm and antibody overproduction, or as a consequence of systemic hypoxia-mediated microglia activation. In severe COVID-19 cases with impaired lung capacity, hypoxia is an anticipated subsidiary event that can cause progressive and irreversible damage to neurons. To resolve this problem, intensive research is currently ongoing, which seeks to evaluate the SARS-CoV-2 virus' neuroinvasive potential and the examination of the antibody and autoantibody generation upon infection, as well as the effects of prolonged systemic hypoxia on the CNS. In this review, we summarize the current research on the possible interplay of the SARS-CoV-2 effects on the lung, especially on alveolar macrophages and direct and indirect effects on the brain, with special emphasis on microglia, as a possible culprit of neurological manifestation during COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.