Trial reportCardiology journal2023
Sodium restriction in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: A randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Cardiology journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03351283 (Effect of Moderate vs Severe Sodium Restriction on Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Moderate vs Severe Sodium Restriction on Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Fluid restriction vs liberal intake in patients with heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.ESC heart failure · 2026Pooled it
- Role of dietary sodium restriction in chronic heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2024Pooled it
- Diagnostic value and risk correlation of serum heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in chronic heart failure.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2026Article
- Review
- The effect of sodium restricted diet on the prognosis of heart failure patients: a systemic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Diabetic cardiomyopathy: a comprehensive review of diagnosis, management, and future directions.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Safety and Efficacy of Salt Restriction Across the Spectrum of Heart Failure.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Review
- Evaluating Hyponatremia as a Predictor of Mortality in Heart Failure Patients in a Tertiary Healthcare Setting.Cureus · 2025Article
- Dietary sodium intake restriction in patients with heart failure: an overview of systematic reviews.Heart failure reviews · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in Sodium Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Its Future Role in Kidney Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSodium restriction is recommended for patients with heart failure (HF) despite the lack of solid clinical evidence from randomized controlled trials. Whether or not sodium restrictions provide beneficial cardiac effects is not known.
methodsThe present study is a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of stable HF patients with ejection fraction ≤ 40%. Patients were allocated to sodium restriction (2 g of sodium/day) vs. control (3 g of sodium/day). The primary outcome was change in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) at 20 weeks. Secondary outcomes included quality of life and adverse safety events (HF readmission, blood pressure or electrolyte abnormalities).
resultsSeventy patients were enrolled. Median baseline sodium consumption was 3268 (2225-4537) mg/day. Adherence to the intervention based on 24-hour urinary sodium was 32%. NT-proBNP and quality of life did not significantly change between groups (p > 0.05 for both). Adverse safety events were not significantly different between the arms (p > 0.6 for all). In the per protocol analysis, patients who achieved a sodium intake < 2500 mg/day at the intervention conclusion showed improvements in NT-proBNP levels (between-group difference: -55%, 95% confidence interval -27 to -73%; p = 0.002) and quality of life (between-group difference: -11 ± 5 points; p = 0.04). Blood pressure decreased in patients with lower sodium intake (between-group difference: -9 ± 5 mmHg; p = 0.05) without significant differences in symptomatic hypotension or other safety events (p > 0.3 for all).
conclusionsAdherence assessed by 24-hour natriuresis and by the nutritionist was poor. The group allocated to sodium restriction did not show improvement in NT-proBNP. However, patients who achieved a sodium intake < 2500 mg/day appeared to have improvements in NT-proBNP and quality of life without any adverse safety signals. CLINICALTRIALS: gov Identifier: NCT03351283.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.