Trial reportInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Impact of Different Aquatic Exercise Programs on Body Composition, Functional Fitness and Cognitive Function of Non-Institutionalized Elderly Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rethinking exercise dose for cognitive ageing: a systematic review and meta-analysis of physical dose and cognitive-motor demands.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Optimal exercise interventions for enhancing cognitive function in older adults: a network meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of aquatic exercise on improving body composition and muscle strength in the older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of pre-operative exercise training on post-operative cognitive function: a systematic review.European geriatric medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Fall-Related Physical Function, Executive Function, and Myokine Responses in Older Women with Obesity Participating in a 16-Week Combined Aquatic Exercise Program: A Prospective Observational Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- Aquatic exercises combined with cognitive tasks for older women (WaterCog Study): protocol for a randomized clinical trial.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Feasibility and Preliminary Effects of Aquatic Exercise on Pulmonary Function and Dynamic Balance in Young Adult Smokers: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Optimal type and dose of exercise to improve cognitive function in healthy and pre-sarcopenic older adults: a bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European review of aging and physical activity : official journal of the European Group for Research into Elderly and Physical Activity · 2026Review
- The dose-effect relationship of aquatic exercise in improving physical function in older adults.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Beneficial Effects of Water-Based Exercise Alone and in Combination with Cognitive Training on Cardiovascular Fitness and Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Benefits of Practicing Physical Activity in the Aquatic Environment on Health and Quality of Life.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Enhancing Global Cognition and Executive Functions Through Water-Based Exercise in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Effect of a short-term water-based exercise program on cognitive skills in a Mexican older adult population.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of different physical activity programs in improving older adults' physical capacities: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Physical Fitness in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments Among Elderly Women.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- The effect of aquatic training and vitamin D3 supplementation on bone metabolism in postmenopausal obese women.Journal of exercise science and fitness · 2024Article
- Association of Co-Living and Age on the Type of Sports Practiced by Older People.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Effects of Exercise Training on the Autonomic Nervous System with a Focus on Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidants Effects.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Physical Activity and Neuropsychological Functioning in Older Adults.Gerontology & geriatric medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aquatic physical exercise programs have become progressively more popular among elderly people. Some of the major physical exercise program disadvantages on land are minimized due to the specific properties of the aquatic environment. The purpose of the present randomized controlled study is to verify the effects of different aquatic physical exercise programs on body composition, functional fitness and cognitive function in non-institutionalized elderly people. For this study, 102 elderly individuals were randomly allocated into four different groups: AerG (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.