Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34503293›Full record

ArticleCancers2021

In Vitro and In Vivo Enhancement of Temozolomide Effect in Human Glioblastoma by Non-Invasive Application of Cold Atmospheric Plasma.

Vikas Soni, Manish Adhikari, Hayk Simonyan, Li Lin, Jonathan H Sherman, Colin N Young, Michael Keidar

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.7field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  12. Dual-action nanotherapy: Temozolomide-loaded, anti-PD-L1 scFv-functionalized lipid nanocarriers for targeted glioblastoma therapy.European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Vikas SoniDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MPNL, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0729-4641
Manish AdhikariDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MPNL, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5633-1533
Hayk SimonyanDepartment of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
Li LinDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MPNL, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
Jonathan H ShermanDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MPNL, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9482-3988
Colin N YoungDepartment of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
Michael KeidarDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MPNL, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0869-4310
George Washington University · US

Funding

National Science Foundation 1747760
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive forms of adult brain cancers and is highly resistant to treatment, with a median survival of 12-18 months after diagnosis. The poor survival is due to its infiltrative pattern of invasion into the normal brain parenchyma, the diffuse nature of its growth, and its ability to quickly grow, spread, and relapse. Temozolomide is a well-known FDA-approved alkylating chemotherapy agent used for the treatment of high-grade malignant gliomas, and it has been shown to improve overall survival. However, in most cases, the tumor relapses. In recent years, CAP has been used as an emerging technology for cancer therapy. The purpose of this study was to implement a combination therapy of CAP and TMZ to enhance the effect of TMZ and apparently sensitize GBMs. In vitro evaluations in TMZ-sensitive and resistant GBM cell lines established a CAP chemotherapy enhancement and potential sensitization effect across various ranges of CAP jet application. This was further supported with in vivo findings demonstrating that a single CAP jet applied non-invasively through the skull potentially sensitizes GBM to subsequent treatment with TMZ. Gene functional enrichment analysis further demonstrated that co-treatment with CAP and TMZ resulted in a downregulation of cell cycle pathway genes. These observations indicate that CAP can be potentially useful in sensitizing GBM to chemotherapy and for the treatment of glioblastoma as a non-invasive translational therapy.

Indexed as

bonecancer therapycold atmospheric plasmaelectromagnetic wavesgene functional enrichment analysisglioblastomaplasma medicinereactive oxygen and nitrogen speciesRNA-sequencingsensitizationtemozolomidexenografts

Identifiers

PMID34503293
PMCPMC8430547
OpenAlexW3196831967

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.