ArticleEndocrine2021
Correlation between inflammatory parameters and pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with COVID-19.
Article in Endocrine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prevalence of thyroid disorders in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Thyroid function during COVID-19 and post-COVID complications in adults: a systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Thyroxine changes in COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- The association of the serum free triiodothyronine to free thyroxine ratio with contrast-induced nephropathy and long-term outcomes in elective percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Association Between Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Thyroid Function: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study.International journal of endocrinology · 2026Article
- Feasibility assessment of a multiple logistic regression model utilizing serum FT3, FT4, and TSH to predict prognosis of pulmonary infection in elderly patients.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Observational
- Evaluation of the hematological parameters, inflammatory biomarkers, and thyroid hormones in hypothyroidism patients.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- Total triiodothyronine level associated with disease severity for patients with emergent status.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- [Related factors of euthyroid sick syndrome in patients with sepsis].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2024Article
- Thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Impact of thyroid hormones on predicting the occurrence of persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome in patients with sepsis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Observational
- Predictive Effects of FT3/FT4 on Diabetic Kidney Disease: An Exploratory Study on Hospitalized Euthyroid Patients with T2DM in China.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- The impact of covid-19 on thyroid function tests in pregnancy.Endocrine · 2023Article
- Post-COVID Endocrine Disorders: Putative Role of Molecular Mimicry and Some Pathomorphological Correlates.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The immune factors have complex causal regulation effects on inflammatory bowel disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Predicts Total Cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reduction during the Acute Phase of COVID-19.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- The New Entity of Subacute Thyroiditis amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: From Infection to Vaccine.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Thyroid Function, Inflammatory Response, and Glucocorticoids in COVID-19.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Free triiodothyronine levels and age influences the metabolic profile and COVID-19 severity parameters in euthyroid and levothyroxine-treated patients.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- The Association Between FT3 With the Outcome and Inflammation/Coagulopathy/Fibrinolysis of COVID-19.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeInflammation plays a critical role in the progression of COVID-19. Nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) has been increasingly recognized in affected patients. We aim to evaluate the correlation of thyroid hormones with markers of inflammation and association with disease outcome in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and in two profiles of NTIS (low T3-normal/low FT4 vs. low T3-high FT4).
methodsconsecutive patients admitted to a nonintensive care unit for COVID-19 were recruited. Infection was mild in 22%, moderate in 27.1% and severe in 50.8%; 7.41% died. T4, T3, FT4, FT3, and their ratios (T3/T4, FT3/FT4) were correlated with albumin, ferritin, fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and D-dimer.
resultsFifty five patients (50.9% men, median age 56 years) were included. Albumin correlated positively with T3 and hormones ratios, but negatively with FT4. T3, FT3, T3/T4, and FT3/FT4 correlated inversely with ferritin, fibrinogen, ESR, CRP, LDH, and D-dimer. FT4 showed direct correlation with fibrinogen and ESR. T3/T4 was lower in severe compared to mild/moderate disease [7.5 (4.5-15.5) vs. 9.2 (5.8-18.1); p = 0.04], and lower in patients who died than in those discharged [5 (4.53-5.6) vs. 8.1 (4.7-18.1); p = 0.03]. A low T3/high FT4 profile was associated with lower albumin, higher ferritin, and severity.
conclusionIn this cohort, thyroid hormones correlated with inflammation and outcome. T3 and T3/T4 correlated inversely with inflammatory markers; a low T3/T4 ratio was associated with severity and poor prognosis. Patients with low T3 but high FT4 had higher ferritin, lower albumin, and more severe disease at presentation.
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