Evidence mapPaperPMID 34522763Full record

ArticleSSM - population health2021

Health-related quality of life and mental well-being of healthy and diseased persons in 8 countries: Does stringency of government response against early COVID-19 matter?

Di Long, Juanita A Haagsma, Mathieu F Janssen, John N Yfantopoulos, Erica I Lubetkin, Gouke J Bonsel

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in SSM - population health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05240742 (Persistent Complaints After COVID-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 38 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed
7.7field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05240742 completednot on this map

Persistent Complaints After COVID-19: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Prediction, and Communication, the CORona Follow Up (CORFU) Study

TypeobservationalSponsorMaastricht University Medical CenterRan2021 to 2024Enrolled4,291ConditionsCOVID-19, Long COVID, Post COVID-19 ConditionArmsno intervention, the CORFU study conducts analyses based on data which has been prospectively collected (and aggregated when possible) in 7 existing cohorts
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Socioeconomic inequalities in health-related quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic: a six-country comparison using the EQ-5D-5 L.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
    Article
  3. Comparing the measurement properties of the EQ-5D-Y-3L and EQ-5D-3L in a general population sample of adults.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026
    Article
  4. Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025
    Review
  5. Observational
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. The relationship between healthcare access and change in health-related quality-of-life among the general population of five countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. COVID-19-related health utility values and changes in COVID-19 patients and the general population: a scoping review.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024
    Article
  16. Braving the waves: exploring capability well-being patterns in seven European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2024
    Observational
  17. Article
  18. Hungarian population norms for the 15D generic preference-accompanied health status measure.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Di LongDepartment of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Juanita A HaagsmaDepartment of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Mathieu F JanssenSection Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
John N YfantopoulosMBA - Health Department of Economics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Erica I LubetkinDepartment of Community Health and Social Medicine, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Gouke J BonselDepartment of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Erasmus MC · NLCUNY School of Law · USNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens · GR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesOur study aimed to (1) assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental well-being of healthy and diseased persons in the general population during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) examine the relationship between HRQoL and mental well-being and individual characteristics and government response against COVID-19, as measured by the stringency index.

methodsA web-based survey was administered to a cohort of persons from the general population of eight countries: Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Russia, South Africa, Sweden, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (US) from April 22 to May 5 and May 26 to June 1, 2020. Country-level stringency indices were adopted from the COVID-19 Government Response Tracker. Primary outcomes were HRQoL, measured using the EQ-5D-5L, and mental well-being, measured using the World Health Organization-5 Well-Being (WHO-5).

findings21,354 respondents were included in the study. Diseased respondents had lower EQ-5D-5L and WHO-5 scores compared to healthy respondents. Younger respondents had lower WHO-5 scores than older respondents. The stringency index had a stronger association with the EQ-5D-5L and WHO-5 among diseased respondents compared to healthy respondents. Increasing stringency was associated with an increase in EQ-5D-5L scores but a decrease in the WHO-5 index.

conclusionThe stringency of government response is inversely related to HRQoL and mental well-being with a small positive relation with HRQoL and strong negative relation with mental well-being. The magnitude of effects differed for healthy and diseased persons and by age but was most favourable for diseased and older persons.

Indexed as

COVID-19EQ-5D-5LHRQoLStringency indexWell-beingWHO-5

Identifiers

PMID34522763
PMCPMC8426285
OpenAlexW3198651120

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.