ArticlePreventing chronic disease2021
Differences in Blood Pressure Levels Among Children by Sociodemographic Status.
Article in Preventing chronic disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Beyond genetics: how environmental stressors drive pediatric hypertension risk.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- The child opportunity index and its association with resting and exercising blood pressure in children: a Chicago metro area pilot study.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Early life factors, blood pressure percentile trajectories, and elevated blood pressure in children.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Rats exposed to a low resource environment in early life display sex differences in blood pressure, autonomic activity, and brain and kidney pro-inflammatory markers during adulthood.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Mediating role of proteomics in the association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure and blood pressure in youth.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2025Article
- A prospective analysis to assess the multifactorial risk of childhood-onset hypertension: the ExAMIN Youth SA study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025Article
- School Provision of Universal Free Meals and Blood Pressure Outcomes Among Youths.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- The association of gene polymorphisms in SREBP and its interaction with nutritional status on blood pressure phenotypes among children: a cross-sectional study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Article
- Measuring the impact of obesity on cardiovascular risk for northern Colorado school children: Healthy hearts and minds program 2013-2023.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- Mendelian randomization evidence for lung function mediates the association between childhood allergies (age <16 years) and essential hypertension.Reproductive and developmental medicine · 2025Article
- Tracking of blood pressure levels from childhood.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Review
- Pediatric High Blood Pressure Follow-Up Guideline Adherence in a Massachusetts Health Care System.Academic pediatrics · 2024Article
- Increasing trend in hypertension prevalence among Korean adolescents from 2007 to 2020.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Factors Associated with Antihypertensive Therapy Prescription in Youth Delaware Medicaid Recipients with Primary Hypertension Diagnosis.American journal of hypertension · 2024Article
- Disparities in Receipt of Guideline-adherent Blood Pressure Screening: An Observational Examination of Electronic Health Record Data from a Massachusetts Healthcare System.The Journal of pediatrics · 2023Observational
- Association of Area Deprivation With Primary Hypertension Diagnosis Among Youth Medicaid Recipients in Delaware.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Global Responses to Prevent, Manage, and Control Cardiovascular Diseases.Preventing chronic disease · 2022Article
- Associations between APOL1 genetic variants and blood pressure in African American mothers and children from a U.S. pregnancy cohort: Modification by air pollution exposures.Environmental research · 2022Article
- The associations between problematic smartphone use and blood pressure among 2,573 aged 9-17 years students in Shanghai, China.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) updated its blood pressure (BP) screening guidelines in 2017 to emphasize body weight as a risk factor. We provide contemporary, nationally representative estimates of prevalence of elevated and hypertensive BP among US children and examine sociodemographic prevalence differences, accounting for the influence of weight.
methodsWe used cross-sectional data from children aged 8 to 17 years (N = 5,971; weighted N = 36,612,323) collected from 2011 through 2018 in 4 biennial cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Children's BP was categorized as normal, elevated, or hypertensive. Sociodemographic characteristics included were sex, age, race/ethnicity, family income, and education. Log binomial regression, with and without adjustment for weight (dichotomized at the 85th body mass index percentile), determined prevalence estimates and differences for elevated and hypertensive BPs with 95% CIs.
resultsIn NHANES data collected from 2011 through 2018, 7.2% (95% CI, 6.3%-8.3%) of US children had elevated BP, and 3.8% (95% CI, 3.3%-4.5%) had hypertensive BP according to 2017 AAP guidelines. Differences in prevalence of weight-adjusted elevated BP indicated higher prevalence among children aged 16 to 17 years compared with children aged 8 to 9 years (prevalence difference, +6.3%; 95% CI, 3.2%-9.4%), among males compared with females (+4.6%; 95% CI, 2.7%-6.4%), and among non-Latino Black children compared with non-Latino White children (+4.0%; 95% CI, 2.2%-5.8%). Crude hypertensive BP prevalence was highest among children aged 8 to 9 years, male children, and Mexican American children. The only difference remaining after weight adjustment was among children aged 8 to 9 years and 13 to 15 years.
conclusionElevated BP was most prevalent among US children who were older, male, or non-Latino Black. Factors beyond inequalities in body weight may contribute to disparities in elevated BP.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.