Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34530360›Full record

ArticleBrain and language2021

Research on bilingualism as discovery science.

Christian A Navarro-Torres, Anne L Beatty-Martínez, Judith F Kroll, David W Green

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brain and language, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Voir La Vie Sans Rose-Colored Glasses.Experimental psychology · 2025
    Article
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  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Christian A Navarro-TorresDepartment of Language Science, University of California, Irvine, United States. Electronic address: canavar5@uci.edu.
Anne L Beatty-MartínezDepartment of Psychology, McGill University, Canada. Electronic address: anne.beatty-martinez@mail.mcgill.ca.
Judith F KrollSchool of Education, University of California, Irvine, United States.
David W GreenDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom.

Funding

The behavioral and neurocognitive effects of bilingual experience on cognitive control and language processing: Implications for aging in two languagesF32AG064810 · NIA · MCGILL UNIVERSITY · PI BEATTY-MARTINEZ, ANNE L · 2020 to 2022
$198k
Engaging cognition during bilingual language processingF31HD098783 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI NAVARRO-TORRES, CHRISTIAN ALBERTO · 2019 to 2020
$79k
NIA NIH HHS F32 AG064810NICHD NIH HHS F31 HD098783
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An important aim of research on bilingualism is to understand how the brain adapts to the demands of using more than one language.In this paper, we argue that pursuing such an aim entails valuing our research as a discovery process that acts on variety.Prescriptions about sample size and methodology, rightly aimed at establishing a sound basis for generalization, should be understood as being in the service of science as a discovery process. We propose and illustrate by drawing from previous and contemporary examples within brain and cognitive sciences, that this necessitates exploring the neural bases of bilingual phenotypes:the adaptive variety induced through the interplay of biology and culture. We identify the conceptual and methodological prerequisites for such exploration and briefly allude to the publication practices that afford it as a community practice and to the risk of allowing methodological prescriptions, rather than discovery, to dominate the research endeavor.

Indexed as

MultilingualismBrainGeneralization, PsychologicalHumansLanguageBilingualismBilingual phenotypesReplication crisisStatistical powerVariation

Identifiers

PMID34530360
PMCPMC8978084

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.