ArticleScientific reports2021
Application of LDH assay for therapeutic efficacy evaluation of ex vivo tumor models.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
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- STAT1 increases the sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma to carbon ion irradiation via HO-1-mediated ferroptosis.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Article
- Microfluidic technologies for enhancing the potency, predictability and affordability of adoptive cell therapies.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Review
- Review
- Optimized Methods to Quantify Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields)-Induced Permeabilization of Glioblastoma Cell Membranes.Methods and protocols · 2025Article
- Shining a light onmSphere · 2024Article
- TGF-β Signaling Loop in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Activates Fibroblasts and Increases Tumor Cell Aggressiveness.Cancers · 2024Article
- Tissue explants as tools for studying the epigenetic modulation of the GH-IGF-I axis in farmed fish.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Dihydrotanshinone Triggers Porimin-Dependent Oncosis by ROS-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- N,N-dimethylacetamide targets neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease in in-vitro and ex-vivo models.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Immune microenvironment dynamics of HER2 overexpressing breast cancer under dual anti-HER2 blockade.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- A hitchhiker's guide to cancer models.Trends in biotechnology · 2022Review
- Exploring Metabolic Signatures of Ex Vivo Tumor Tissue Cultures for Prediction of Chemosensitivity in Ovarian Cancer.Cancers · 2022Article
- Toxicity Assessment of Resveratrol Liposomes-in-Hydrogel Delivery System by EpiVaginalPharmaceutics · 2022Article
- 3D Cell Culture Models as Recapitulators of the Tumor Microenvironment for the Screening of Anti-Cancer Drugs.Cancers · 2021Review
- Patient-Derived Explants of Colorectal Cancer: Histopathological and Molecular Analysis of Long-Term Cultures.Cancers · 2021Article
- Integrin targeted photodynamic therapy in patient-derived glioblastoma spheroids.Photochemistry and photobiologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The current standard preclinical oncology models are not able to fully recapitulate therapeutic targets and clinically relevant disease biology, evidenced by the 90% attrition rate of new therapies in clinical trials. Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems have the potential to enhance the relevance of preclinical models. However, the limitations of currently available cellular assays to accurately evaluate therapeutic efficacy in these models are hindering their widespread adoption. We assessed the compatibility of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay in 3D spheroid cultures against other commercially available readout methods. We developed a standardized protocol to apply the LDH assay to ex vivo cultures, considering the impact of culture growth dynamics. We show that accounting for growth rates and background release levels of LDH are sufficient to make the LDH assay a suitable methodology for longitudinal monitoring and endpoint assessment of therapeutic efficacy in both cell line-derived xenografts (xenospheres) and patient-derived explant cultures. This method has the added value of being non-destructive and not dependent on reagent penetration or manipulation of the parent material. The establishment of reliable readout methods for complex 3D culture systems will further the utility of these tumor models in preclinical and co-clinical drug development studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.