SynthesisJournal of endocrinological investigation2022
Efficacy and safety of closed-loop insulin delivery versus sensor-augmented pump in the treatment of adults with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.
Synthesis in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery improves glycaemic control compared with sensor-augmented pump therapy: A meta-analysis of 'free-living' randomised trials in type 1 diabetes.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Wearable Devices for Diabetes Management: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Automated Insulin Delivery Systems in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2025Pooled it
- Automated Insulin Delivery Systems in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Outpatient Randomized Controlled Trials.Diabetes care · 2023Pooled it
- Dual-hormone artificial pancreas for glucose control in type 1 diabetes: A meta-analysis.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022Pooled it
- American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022Guideline
- Extended Use of the Omnipod 5 Automated Insulin Delivery System in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: 12-Month Extension of a Randomized Controlled Trial.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Improved Glycemia with Hybrid Closed-Loop Versus Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Therapy: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2023Trial
- Twenty-four-month evaluation of the glycemia risk index in adults with type 1 diabetes using advanced hybrid closed-loop systems.Endocrine · 2026Observational
- From algorithm to alarm: a narrative review on insulin delivery innovation.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- A nationwide 12-month observatory of automated insulin delivery shows improved glucose control, sustained adoption, and reduced acute severe events.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Observational
- Examining the Emotional and Physical Health Impact in Users of Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery and Sources of Support: Qualitative Analysis of Patient Narratives.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- 12-Month Time in Tight Range Improvement with Advanced Hybrid-Closed Loop System in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2024Article
- Automating insulin delivery through pump and continuous glucose monitoring connectivity: Maximizing opportunities to improve outcomes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2024Review
- Combining an Electrochemical Continuous Glucose Sensor With an Insulin Delivery Cannula: A Feasibility Study.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Article
- Assessment of Glycemia Risk Index and Standard Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics in a Real-World Setting of Exercise in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the Type 1 Diabetes and Exercise Initiative.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Article
- The artificial pancreas: two alternative approaches to achieve a fully closed-loop system with optimal glucose control.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Review
- Effects of hybrid closed-loop system on glycemic control and psychological aspects in persons with type 1 diabetes treated with sensor-augmented pump: A prospective single-center observational study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2024Observational
- Article
- The Artificial Pancreas and Type 1 Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundControversy remains regarding whether closed-loop (CL) insulin delivery or insulin sensor-augmented pump (SAP) delivery is more efficient for clinical treatment. Therefore, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of CL insulin delivery systems versus insulin SAP delivery for adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
methodsEmbase, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and other databases were searched for related articles, and we analyzed the average blood glucose (BG), time in range (TIR), and adverse effects (AEs) as primary endpoints to evaluate efficacy and safety.
resultsOf 1616 articles, 12 randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the final analysis. Regarding BG control efficacy, CL insulin delivery resulted better outcomes than SAP therapy with regard to the average BG value, which was detected and recorded by continuous glucose monitoring (mean difference [MD][mmol/L]: - 0.25 95% confidence interval [CI] - 0.42 to - 0.08, p = 0.003); TIR 3.9-10 mmol/L (MD [%]: 7.91 95% CI 4.45-11.37, p < 0.00001). Similar results were observed for the secondary outcomes including low blood glucose index (LBGI) (MD: - 0.41 95% CI - 0.55 to - 0.26, p < 0.00001), high blood glucose index (HBGI) (MD: - 2.56 95% CI - 3.38 to - 1.74, p < 0.00001), and standard deviation (SD) of glucose variability (MD [mmol/L]: -0.25 95% CI - 0.44 to - 0.06, p = 0.01). Furthermore, SAP therapy was associated with more adverse effects (risk ratio: 0.20 95% CI 0.07-0.52, p = 0.001) than CL insulin delivery, and one of the most common adverse effects was hypoglycemia.
conclusionsCL insulin delivery appears to be a better treatment method than SAP therapy for adults with T1D because of its increased BG control efficacy and decreased number of hypoglycemic events.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.