Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34548951›Full record

ReviewAmerican journal of cardiovascular disease2021

Obesity and obesity-induced inflammatory disease contribute to atherosclerosis: a review of the pathophysiology and treatment of obesity.

Robert J Henning

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC
In one paragraph

Review in American journal of cardiovascular disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05987410 (EffectiVenEss of a Rehabilitation Treatment With Nordic Walking in obEse or oveRweight Diabetic patiEnts With Cardiovascular Disease. The VENERE Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 133 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
133citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
19.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05987410 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

EffectiVenEss of a Rehabilitation Treatment With Nordic Walking in obEse or oveRweight Diabetic patiEnts With Cardiovascular Disease. The VENERE Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorFondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ETSRan2023 to 2026Enrolled105ConditionsCardiovascular Diseases, Diabete Type 2, Overweight and ObesityArmsNordic Walking (NW), Standard Rehabilitation (SR), Cardiological Counselling (CC)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

133 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 170 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Robert J HenningJames A. Haley Hospital, University of South Florida Tampa, Florida 33612-3805, USA.
James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Two billion people worldwide older than 18 years of age, or approximately 30% of the world population, are overweight or obese. In addition, more than 43 million children under the age of 5 are overweight or obese. Among the population in the United States aged 20 and greater, 32.8 percent are overweight and 39.8 percent are obese. Blacks in the United States have the highest age-adjusted prevalence of obesity (49.6%), followed by Hispanics (44.8%), whites (42.2%) and Asians (17.4%). The impact of being overweight or obese on the US economy exceeds $1.7 trillion dollars, which is equivalent to approximately eight percent of the nation's gross domestic product. Obesity causes chronic inflammation that contributes to atherosclerosis and causes >3.4 million deaths/year. The pathophysiologic mechanisms in obesity that contribute to inflammation and atherosclerosis include activation of adipokines/cytokines and increases in aldosterone in the circulation. The adipokines leptin, resistin, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein activate and chemoattract monocytes/macrophages into adipose tissue that promote visceral adipose and systemic tissue inflammation, oxidative stress, abnormal lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and hypercoagulability that contribute to atherosclerosis. In addition in obesity, the adipokines/cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF are activated and cause endothelial cell dysfunction and hyperpermeability of vascular endothelial junctions. Increased aldosterone in the circulation not only expands the blood volume but also promotes platelet aggregation, vascular endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, and fibrosis. In order to reduce obesity and obesity-induced inflammation, therapies including diet, medications, and bariatric surgery are discussed that should be considered in patients with BMIs>35-40 kg/m

Indexed as

adipokinesantihypertensive medicationsatherosclerosisatherosclerotic coronary artery diseasebody mass indexchronic inflammationendothelial dysfunctionglucose lowering medicationsheart failureinsulin resistanceSubcutaneous adipose tissuevisceral adipose tissuewaist to hip ratioweight loss medications

Identifiers

PMID34548951
PMCPMC8449192
OpenAlexW3199343829

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.