Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34551192›Full record

SynthesisMolecular ecology resources2022

Improved high-throughput MHC typing for non-model species using long-read sequencing.

Yuanyuan Cheng, Catherine Grueber, Carolyn J Hogg, Katherine Belov

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Molecular ecology resources, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. The complete genome of a songbird.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. MHC Diversity Across Time and Space.Ecology and evolution · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Yuanyuan ChengSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-9308
Catherine GrueberSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8179-1822
Carolyn J HoggSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6328-398X
Katherine BelovSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9762-5554

Funding

Australian Research Council LP180100244
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a critical role in the vertebrate immune system. Accurate MHC typing is critical to understanding not only host fitness and disease susceptibility, but also the mechanisms underlying host-pathogen co-evolution. However, due to the high degree of gene duplication and diversification of MHC genes, it is often technically challenging to accurately characterise MHC genetic diversity in non-model species. Here we conducted a systematic review to identify common issues associated with current widely used MHC typing approaches. Then to overcome these challenges, we developed a long-read based MHC typing method along with a new analysis pipeline. Our approach enables the sequencing of fully phased MHC alleles spanning all key functional domains and the separation of highly similar alleles as well as the removal of technical artefacts such as PCR heteroduplexes and chimeras. Using this approach, we performed population-scale MHC typing in the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), revealing previously undiscovered MHC functional diversity in this endangered species. Our new method provides a better solution for addressing research questions that require high MHC typing accuracy. Since the method is not limited by species or the number of genes analysed, it will be applicable for studying not only the MHC but also other complex gene families.

Indexed as

Major Histocompatibility ComplexMarsupialiaAllelesAnimalsEndangered SpeciesGenetic VariationHumansSequence Analysis, DNAamplicon analysismajor histocompatibility complexMHC genetic diversityMHC genotypingPacBio sequencing

Identifiers

PMID34551192
PMCPMC9293008

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.