Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34561252›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2021

'Is Insulin Right for Me?' Development of a theory-informed, web-based resource for reducing psychological barriers to insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes.

Edith E Holloway, Jane Speight, John Furler, Virginia Hagger, David N O'Neal, Timothy C Skinner, Elizabeth Holmes-Truscott

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 25% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Edith E HollowaySchool of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
Jane SpeightSchool of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
John FurlerDepartment of General Practice, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-0339-5848
Virginia HaggerSchool of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
David N O'NealDepartment of General Practice, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-0870-4032
Timothy C SkinnerLa Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia.
Elizabeth Holmes-TruscottSchool of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia etruscott@acbrd.org.au.ORCID 0000-0001-9139-4663
Deakin University · AUThe University of Melbourne · AUUniversity of Copenhagen · DK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo develop a theory and evidence-based web intervention to reduce psychological barriers towards insulin therapy among adults with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (T2D).

methodsSalient psychological barriers towards insulin were identified from the literature and classified using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Relevant TDF domains were mapped to evidence-based behaviour change techniques (BCTs), which informed the content for each barrier. Acceptability was explored using cognitive debriefing interviews (n=6 adults with T2D).

results'Is Insulin Right for Me' addresses eight barriers, phrased as common questions: Does insulin mean my diabetes is more serious? Do insulin injections cause complications? Is it my fault I need to inject insulin? Will I gain weight? Will injecting hurt? What about hypos? Will injecting insulin be a burden? What will others think of me? BCTs, including persuasive communication and modelling/demonstration, were delivered using appropriate methods (eg, demonstration of the injection process). Participant suggestions for improvement included clear and direct messages, normalising insulin and avoiding confronting images.

conclusions'Is Insulin Right for Me' is the first theory and evidence-based, web intervention designed to reduce psychological barriers towards insulin therapy for adults with T2D. Evaluation is needed to determine its impact on negative appraisals and receptiveness towards insulin.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2AdultBehavior TherapyHumansInsulinInternetPsychological TheoryInsulingeneral diabetespublic healthqualitative research

Identifiers

PMID34561252
PMCPMC8475140
OpenAlexW3199270255

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.