ArticleJournal of neurochemistry2021
The metabolite GLP-1 (9-36) is neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory in cellular models of neurodegeneration.
Article in Journal of neurochemistry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating the functional connectivity between central glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glutamatergic signaling: a systematic review.CNS spectrums · 2026Pooled it
- Fasudil induces anti-inflammatory transcriptomic changes and increased proliferation in human trisomy 21 neural progenitor cells.Biology open · 2026Article
- Article
- Atlas of GLP-1 expression in the mouse brain: Neuroanatomical basis for metabolic and psychiatric effects.Brain medicine : from neurons to behavior and better health · 2026Article
- Anti-inflammatory and pro-proliferative effects of fasudil in human trisomy 21 neural progenitor cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Engineered Clostridium butyricum-pMTL007-GLP-1 Delays Neurodegeneration in Prnp-SNCA*A53T Transgenic Mice Model by Suppressing Astrocyte Senescence.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Do GLP-1 agonists affect perioperative risk in spine surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis.North American Spine Society journal · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota and metabolites as potential modulators of cognitive impairment after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a hypothesis-driven review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- HMC3 revealed: how much do these "Microglia" really tell us?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The multifaceted effects of semaglutide: exploring its broad therapeutic applications.Future science OA · 2025Review
- GLP-1 and the Degenerating Brain: Exploring Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Protective effect of Dulaglutide, a GLP1 agonist, on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats: involvement of GLP-1, TFF-3, and TGF-β/PI3K/NF-κB signaling pathway.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Antidiabetic GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Have Neuroprotective Properties in Experimental Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 84 Aggravates Early Brain Injury via Microglial NLRP3-ASC Inflammasome After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Recent advances in incretin-based therapy for the treatment of cognitive impairment associated to the type 2 diabetes mellitus: preclinical and clinical studies - a narrative review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Effect and mechanism of GLP-1 on cognitive function in diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.Journal of biomedical science · 2024Review
- Molecular basis of enhanced GLP-1 signaling mediated by GLP-1(9-36) in conjunction with LSN3318839.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Article
- TXNIP Regulates NLRP3 Inflammasome-Induced Pyroptosis Related to Aging via cAMP/PKA and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Incretin-Based Multi-Agonist Peptides Are Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory in Cellular Models of Neurodegeneration.Biomolecules · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is best known for its insulinotropic action following food intake. Its metabolite, GLP-1 (9-36), was assumed biologically inactive because of low GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) affinity and non-insulinotropic properties; however, recent studies contradict this assumption. Increased use of FDA approved GLP-1 analogues for treating metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases raises interest in GLP-1 (9-36)'s biological role. We use human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and a GLP-1R over-expressing variety (#9), in both undifferentiated and differentiated states, to evaluate the neurotrophic/neuroprotective effects of GLP-1 (9-36) against toxic glutamate exposure and other oxidative stress models (via the MTS, LDH or ROS assays). In addition, we examine GLP-1 (9-36)'s signaling pathways, including cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase-A (PKA), and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) via the use of ELISA, pharmacological inhibitors, or GLP-1R antagonist. Human HMC3 and mouse IMG microglial cell lines were used to study the anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1 (9-36) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (via ELISA). Finally, we applied GLP-1 (9-36) to primary dissociation cultures challenged with α-synuclein or amyloid-β and assessed survival and morphology via immunochemistry. We demonstrate evidence of GLP-1R, cAMP, PKA, and AMPK-mediated neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of GLP-1 (9-36). The metabolite significantly reduced IL-6 and TNF-α levels in HMC3 and IMG microglial cells, respectively. Lastly, we show mild but significant effects of GLP-1 (9-36) in primary neuron cultures challenged with α-synuclein or amyloid-β. These studies enhance understanding of GLP-1 (9-36)'s effects on the nervous system and its potential as a primary or complementary treatment in pathological contexts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.