ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Proteomics-Based Retinal Target Engagement Analysis and Retina-Targeted Delivery of 17β-Estradiol by the DHED Prodrug for Ocular Neurotherapy in Males.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bypassing Androgens: Retina-Targeted 17β-Estradiol Delivery via DHED Eye Drops Ameliorates Orchiectomy-Induced Shifts in the Male Rat Visual Cortex Proteome.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Retina-Targeted 17β-Estradiol by the DHED Prodrug Rescues Visual Function and Actuates Neuroprotective Protein Networks After Optic Nerve Crush in a Rat Model of Surgical Menopause.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Proteomics-Based Identification of Retinal Protein Networks Impacted by Elevated Intraocular Pressure in the Hypertonic Saline Injection Model of Experimental Glaucoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Mass spectrometry-based retina proteomics.Mass spectrometry reviews · 2023Review
- A Green Blue LED-Driven Two-Liquid-Phase One-Pot Procedure for the Synthesis of Estrogen-Related Quinol Prodrugs.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We examined the impact of 17β-estradiol (E2) eye drops on the modulation of the proteome profile in the male rat retina. With discovery-driven proteomics, we have identified proteins that were regulated by our treatment. These proteins were assembled to several bioinformatics-based networks implicating E2's beneficial effects on the male rat retina in a broad context of ocular neuroprotection including the maintenance of retinal homeostasis, facilitation of efficient disposal of damaged proteins, and mitochondrial respiratory chain biogenesis. We have also shown for the first time that the hormone's beneficial effects on the male retina can be constrained to this target site by treatment with the bioprecursor prodrug, DHED. A large concentration of E2 was produced after DHED eye drops not only in male rat retinae but also in those of rabbits. However, DHED treatment did not increase circulating E2 levels, thereby ensuring therapeutic safety in males. Targeted proteomics focusing on selected biomarkers of E2's target engagement further confirmed the prodrug's metabolism to E2 in the male retina and indicated that the retinal impact of DHED treatment was identical to that of the direct E2 treatment. Altogether, our study shows the potential of topical DHED therapy for an efficacious and safe protection of the male retina without the unwanted hormonal side-effects associated with current estrogen therapies.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.