Exploring Drugs and Vaccines Associated with Altered Risks and Severity of COVID-19: A UK Biobank Cohort Study of All ATC Level-4 Drug Categories Reveals Repositioning Opportunities.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

1. Vaccination against influenza viruses reduces infection, not hospitalization or death, from respiratory COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of medical virology · 2024
   Pooled it
2. Association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection and its outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.Chinese medical journal · 2022
   Pooled it
3. The Association Between the Use of Statins and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2022
   Pooled it
4. Associations between the use of aspirin or other antiplatelet drugs and all-cause mortality among patients with COVID-19: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022
   Pooled it
5. Proton Pump Inhibitor Use Is Not Strongly Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Related Outcomes: A Nationwide Study and Meta-analysis.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2021
   Pooled it
6. Use of antiplatelet drugs and the risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2021
   Pooled it
7. Proton pump inhibitors in invasively ventilated patients with SARS-CoV-2: a substudy of the re-evaluating the inhibition of stress erosions trial.BMJ open · 2026
   Trial
8. Identifying direct risk factors in UK Biobank via simultaneous Bayesian-frequentist model-averaged hypothesis testing using Doublethink.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
   Article
9. Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Children.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024
   Article
10. Susceptibility to and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection according to prescription drug use-an observational study of 46,506 Danish healthcare workers.PloS one · 2024
    Observational
11. Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists and Proton Pump Inhibitors Are Associated With Reduced Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Without Comorbidities Including Diabetes, Hypertension, and Dyslipidemia: A Propensity Score-Matched Nationwide Cohort Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023
    Article
12. Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination and the Risk of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Review
13. The Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022
    Review

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Funding

Abstract

Indexed as