ReviewJournal of neurology2022
Multiple sclerosis epidemiological trends in Italy highlight the environmental risk factors.
Review in Journal of neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Pooled it
- Horizon Scanning of Multiple Sclerosis Expenditure in Italy (2025-2029): Updated Insights from the Oracle Model.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Demyelinating disorders in women: epidemiology, immunology, and clinical implications across MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- The cytokine signature in multiple sclerosis: a study during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Multiple sclerosis in Denmark (1950-2023): mean age, sex distribution, incidence and prevalence.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Article
- HERVs Endophenotype in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Human Endogenous Retroviruses, Specific Immunoreactivity, and Disease Association in Different Family Members.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Predicted Expenditure for Prescription Drugs for Multiple Sclerosis in the Italian Market Between 2023 and 2028: Results of the Oracle Project.Neurology and therapy · 2024Article
- Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, Herpes Simplex Virus, and Varicella Zoster Virus Infection Dynamics in People with Multiple Sclerosis from Northern Italy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Feasibility study on a new enhanced device for patients with intermittent catheterization (LUJA).Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis in Kosovo: Data from Kosovan national multiple sclerosis registry.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinicalArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Italy is definitely a high-risk country for multiple sclerosis (MS). Over the last 50 years, several epidemiological studies, including longitudinal surveys, have disclosed that MS incidence and prevalence in Italy mainland and Islands (Sardinia and Sicily) have progressively increased, picturing a semi-parabolic curve. Based on the comprehensive scrutiny of 58 papers, we conclude that the latitude risk gradient does not fit to the Italian map of MS. The genetic heterogeneity of the Italian ethnicities, that likely forms the basis of MS predisposition, does not account for the dramatic increase of MS incidence and prevalence observed in Italy over the last half century that, rather, seems better explained by the effect of environmental factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.