Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34588834›Full record

ReviewClinical medicine insights. Endocrinology and diabetes2021

Xenin and Related Peptides: Potential Therapeutic Role in Diabetes and Related Metabolic Disorders.

Sarah L Craig, Nigel Irwin, Victor A Gault

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical medicine insights. Endocrinology and diabetes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Xenin-25 improves indomethacin-induced acute gastric injury in rats.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sarah L CraigFaculty of Life and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3123-8834
Nigel IrwinFaculty of Life and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, UK.
Victor A GaultFaculty of Life and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, UK.
University of Ulster · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Xenin bioactivity and its role in normal physiology has been investigated by several research groups since its discovery in 1992. The 25 amino acid peptide hormone is secreted from the same enteroendocrine K-cells as the incretin hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), with early studies highlighting the biological significance of xenin in the gastrointestinal tract, along with effects on satiety. Recently there has been more focus directed towards the role of xenin in insulin secretion and potential for diabetes therapies, especially through its ability to potentiate the insulinotropic actions of GIP as well as utilisation in dual/triple acting gut hormone therapeutic approaches. Currently, there is a lack of clinically approved therapies aimed at restoring GIP bioactivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus, thus xenin could hold real promise as a diabetes therapy. The biological actions of xenin, including its ability to augment insulin secretion, induce satiety effects, as well as restoring GIP sensitivity, earmark this peptide as an attractive antidiabetic candidate. This minireview will focus on the multiple biological actions of xenin, together with its proposed mechanism of action and potential benefits for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes.

Indexed as

diabetesglucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptidehybrid peptidesinsulin secretionsatietyXenin-25

Identifiers

PMID34588834
PMCPMC8474313
OpenAlexW3203281797

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.