Evidence mapPaperPMID 34590334Full record

Trial reportAlcoholism, clinical and experimental research2021

Effect of intravenous ghrelin administration, combined with alcohol, on circulating metabolome in heavy drinking individuals with alcohol use disorder.

Olli Kärkkäinen, Mehdi Farokhnia, Anton Klåvus, Seppo Auriola, Marko Lehtonen, Sara L Deschaine, Daria Piacentino, Kelly M Abshire, Shelley N Jackson, Lorenzo Leggio

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06091163 (A Randomised Controlled Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Mechanisms of a Ketogenic Diet as an Adjunctive Treatment for People With Treatment-resistant Depression), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 39% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06091163 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

A Randomised Controlled Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Mechanisms of a Ketogenic Diet as an Adjunctive Treatment for People With Treatment-resistant Depression

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of OxfordRan2024 to 2024Enrolled88ConditionsTreatment Resistant Depression, Depression, Mental Illness, Mental DisorderArmsKetogenic Diet, Phytonutrient Diet
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Olli KärkkäinenSchool of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.ORCID 0000-0003-0825-4956
Mehdi FarokhniaClinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, Baltimore and Bethesda, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0902-4212
Anton KlåvusInstitute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Seppo AuriolaSchool of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Marko LehtonenSchool of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Sara L DeschaineClinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, Baltimore and Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Daria PiacentinoClinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, Baltimore and Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Kelly M AbshireClinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, Baltimore and Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Shelley N JacksonTranslational Analytical Core, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Lorenzo LeggioClinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, Baltimore and Bethesda, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7284-8754
National Institute on Drug Abuse · USUniversity of Eastern Finland · FINational Institutes of Health · US

Funding

TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH AND SCIENCE EDUCATIONP60AA007611 · NIAAA · INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS · 2003 to 2025
$22.7M
RAT RESEARCH COMPONENTP50AA007611 · INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS · 1987 to 2002
$5.3M
Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology (CPN)ZIADA000635 · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE · 2025 to 2025
$2.7M
Intramural NIH HHS Z99 DA999999Intramural NIH HHS ZIA AA000218Intramural NIH HHS ZIA DA000635NIAAA NIH HHS P50 AA007611
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGhrelin may influence several alcohol-related behaviors in animals and humans by modulating central and/or peripheral biological pathways. The aim of this exploratory analysis was to investigate associations between ghrelin administration and the human circulating metabolome during alcohol exposure in nontreatment seeking, heavy drinking individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD).

methodsWe used serum samples from a randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled human laboratory study with intravenous (IV) ghrelin or placebo infusion in two experiments. During each session, participants received a loading dose (3 µg/kg) followed by continuous infusion (16.9 ng/kg/min) of acyl ghrelin or placebo. The first experiment included an IV alcohol self-administration (IV-ASA) session and the second experiment included an IV alcohol clamp (IV-AC) session, both with the counterbalanced infusion of ghrelin or placebo. Serum metabolite profiles were analyzed from repeated blood samples collected during each session.

resultsIn both experiments, ghrelin infusion was associated with an altered serum metabolite profile, including significantly increased levels of cortisol (IV-ASA q-value = 0.0003 and IV-AC q < 0.0001), corticosterone (IV-ASA q = 0.0202 and IV-AC q < 0.0001), and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (IV-ASA q = 0.0375 and IV-AC q = 0.0013). In the IV-ASA experiment, ghrelin infusion increased levels of cortisone (q = 0.0352) and fatty acids 18:1 (q = 0.0406) and 18:3 (q = 0.0320). Moreover, in the IV-AC experiment, ghrelin infusion significantly increased levels of glycocholic acid (q < 0.0001) and phenylalanine (q = 0.0458).

conclusionIV ghrelin infusion, combined with IV alcohol administration, was associated with increases in the circulating metabolite levels of corticosteroids and glycine-conjugated bile acids, among other changes. Further research is needed to understand the role that metabolomic changes play in the complex interaction between ghrelin and alcohol.

Indexed as

AdultAlcohol DrinkingAlcoholismCentral Nervous System StimulantsCravingCross-Over StudiesDose-Response Relationship, DrugDouble-Blind MethodEthanolGhrelinHumansInfusions, IntravenousMaleCentral Nervous System StimulantsEthanolGhrelinalcohol use disorderbile acidscorticosteroidsghrelinmetabolomics

Identifiers

PMID34590334
PMCPMC8642277
OpenAlexW3204275324

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.