Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34591980›Full record

ReviewClinical and experimental immunology2021

Neuroinflammation and immunoregulation in glioblastoma and brain metastases: Recent developments in imaging approaches.

Rafael Roesler, Simone Afonso Dini, Gustavo R Isolan

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed
5.0field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Crosslink Between Neuroinflammation and Oxidative/Nitrosative Status in the Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment: Prognostic and Theranostic Impact.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Observational
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Rafael RoeslerDepartment of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Simone Afonso DiniThe Center for Advanced Neurology and Neurosurgery (CEANNE)-Brazil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Gustavo R IsolanThe Center for Advanced Neurology and Neurosurgery (CEANNE)-Brazil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre · BR

Funding

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico 305647/2019-9The Center for Advanced Neurology and Neurosurgery (CEANNE)-Brazil N/A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Brain tumors and brain metastases induce changes in brain tissue remodeling that lead to immunosuppression and trigger an inflammatory response within the tumor microenvironment. These immune and inflammatory changes can influence invasion and metastasis. Other neuroinflammatory and necrotic lesions may occur in patients with brain cancer or brain metastases as sequelae from treatment with radiotherapy. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary malignant brain cancer in adults. Imaging methods such as positron emission tomography (PET) and different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are highly valuable for the diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of GBM and other malignant brain tumors. However, differentiating between tumor tissue and inflamed brain tissue with imaging protocols remains a challenge. Here, we review recent advances in imaging methods that have helped to improve the specificity of primary tumor diagnosis versus evaluation of inflamed and necrotic brain lesions. We also comment on advances in differentiating metastasis from neuroinflammation processes. Recent advances include the radiosynthesis of

Indexed as

BrainBrain NeoplasmsGlioblastomaHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingNeuroimagingNeuroinflammatory DiseasesPositron-Emission TomographyRadiopharmaceuticalsRadiopharmaceuticalsbrain metastasesbrain tumorglioblastomaimagingmagnetic resonance imagingpositron emission tomography

Identifiers

PMID34591980
PMCPMC8561695
OpenAlexW3202944646

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.